The Middle Ages & Charlemagne
This era in Western Europe lasted from about 500 to 1450.
The Middle Ages
In the feudal system, these soldiers were warriors on horseback.
Knights
This religion was just about the only force that helped unite Western Europe in the early Middle Ages.
Christianity
In 1096, Christian armies fought this series of wars to reclaim the Holy Land.
The Crusades
This devastating disease swept through Europe in 1347.
The bubonic plague
He was the first leader of the Franks to convert to Christianity.
Clovis
Kings gave pieces of their land to these noblemen.
Lords
Monks lived in these religious communities where they spent their day praying and reading the Bible.
Monasteries
In 1095, Pope Urban II called on Christians to wage war against this religious group of people.
Muslims
The plague was spread to humans by infected fleas carried by these animals.
Rats
This famous king of the Franks was also known as Charles the Great.
Charlemagne
This was a walled-in, self-contained world located on land belonging to a lord.
Manor
Bishops exercised their authority from these towering churches.
Cathedrals
The Reconquista was a long war by Christian kings to drive Muslims off this peninsula.
The Iberian Peninsula
Groups of craftspeople, like shoemakers or silversmiths, joined together to form these.
Guilds
Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne the first emperor of this empire.
The Holy Roman Empire
These people were at the bottom of the social pyramid and were tied to the land.
Serfs
This religious leader remained in Rome and led the clergy, which included bishops and priests.
The Pope
This French peasant girl claimed that Christian saints had told her to save her country
Joan of Arc
Wealthy town-dwelling merchants were known by this specific name.
Burghers
Charlemagne declared he would put to death anyone from this tribe who refused to convert to Christianity.
The Saxons
The average lifespan for peasants and serfs was this many years.
30 years
This German king had a conflict with Pope Gregory VII about religious appointments.
King Henry IV
This powerful new weapon allowed archers to fire arrows with enough force to pierce a knight's armor.
The longbow
As the Middle Ages came to a close, these were founded to satisfy people's desire for learning.
Universities