Middle Childhood
Personality
Social-cultural
Physical
Cognitive
100
Which of the following disorders has the highest rate of prevalence in the U. S. population of children? a. schizophrenia b. bipolar disorder c. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder d. depression
What is depression pg 209
100
Selman’s view of how friendships develop in middle childhood would be most consistent with which of the following theoretical perspectives? a. the psychoanalytic perspective b. the behavioral perspective c. the social-behavioral perspective d. the cognitive perspective
What is the cognitive perspective pg 232, 239-240
100
What component of social cognition refers to the customs and conventions used in a social setting or group? a. social regulations b. social inference c. social relationships d. social realism
What is social regulations pg 235
100
At what age does the human brain reach 95% of its adult size?
What is age 6
100
Control processes are strategies and techniques that enhance __________.
What is memory pg 212
200
The original purpose for developing the first intelligence tests in the early part of the twentieth century was: a. to identify children who would not do well in school b. to provide a reason to discriminate against children from African descent c. to give the French government a means of selecting especially talented children for placement in state-funded educational programs for the gifted d. to study how physical health and intelligence were related
What is to identify children who would not do well in school pg 214
200
Children who are able to overcome difficult environments and lead socially competent lives are described by psychologists with which of the following terms? a. self-regulation b. coregulation c. resilient d. self-monitoring
What is resilient pg 248
200
According to the text, when does ethnic awareness begin to develop? a. in infancy b. in early childhood c. during the elementary school years d. during adolescence
What is in early childhood pg 242-243
200
If you were to look at a boy and a girl of average size in two different age groups, age 8 and age 10, who would you expect to be taller in each age group? a. The 8-year-old girl would be taller than the 8-year-old boy, but the 10-year-old boy would be taller than the 10-year-old girl. b. The 8-year-old boy would be taller than the 8-year-old girl, but the 10-year-old girl would be taller than the 10-year-old boy. c. The boys would be taller than the girls at both 8 and 10 years of age. d. The girls would be taller than the boys at both 8 and 10 years of age.
What is The 8-year-old boy would be taller than the 8-year-old girl, but the 10-year-old girl would be taller than the 10-year-old boy.
200
The text discusses research about Southeast Asian immigrant families. The results of this study suggest that which of the following factors is important in determining children’s IQs? a. race and skin color b. ethnicity and first language learned c. how long the family has lived in the U. S. d. family emphasis on education and success
What is family emphasis on education and success pg 218
300
Suppose you learn that two children, a 10-year-old boy and a 10-year-old girl, have brains of quite different sizes, with the boy’s brain being about 40% larger than the girl’s brain. Which of the following conclusions would be the best to draw from this data? a. The girl most likely has something wrong with her brain, because it should be at least 10% larger than the boy’s brain. b. The girl’s brain most likely has something wrong with it, because it should be very close to the same size as the boy’s brain at this age. c. The girl most likely was malnourished in early childhood, giving rise to a smaller-than-average brain. d. There is no reason for concern, since children’s brain sizes can vary by as much as 50% without any appreciable difference in cognitive skills.
What is pg 204
300
Melanie is always commenting on how she is not as smart as other people and how she is not good at anything in particular. Melanie likely suffers from which of the following? a. moral realism b. low self-esteem c. moral relativism d. high self-concept
What is low self-esteem pg 233
300
In 1948, about ___ percent of mothers of school-aged children worked outside the home; today about ___ percent of these mothers work. a. 13; 26 b. 26; 52 c. 26; 71 d. 52; 71
What is 26; 71 pg 246
300
Suppose you conducted a study of pairs of identical twins, one of whom was diagnosed with ADHD. Now you examine whether or not the other twins in each pair also have ADHD. In comparison to pairs of unrelated children, you would expect that the other twin in your study would be _______ likely to also be diagnosed with ADHD. a. much less b. somewhat less c. equally d. more
What is more pg 227
300
According to Carol Dweck, which of the following statements represents the most effective way to praise a child? a. “You are a very, very smart little girl.” b. “You are so cute, who could think you wouldn’t do well in school?” c. “You have a natural ability in mathematics; no wonder you do so well.” d. “You did a nice job in writing that story. I especially like the way you described the clown.”
What is “You did a nice job in writing that story. I especially like the way you described the clown.” pg 221
400
Addition and subtraction math problems rely on a child’s ability to understand which of the following Piagetian concepts? a. formal operations b. reversibility c. metacognition d. scripts
What is reversibility pg 211-212
400
Lorraine says, “I don’t like those people because they are different from me and my friends.” Using psychological terminology, Lorraine’s comment has identified the people she doesn’t like as: a. an in-group b. an out-group c. a side-group d. a dumped group
What is an out-group pg 242
400
The major difference between the terms self-concept and self-esteem is that self-esteem includes which of the following? a. a sense of who you are b. a sense of how good (or bad) you are c. a sense of where you came from d. a sense of what you can do
What is a sense of how good (or bad) you are pg 233-234
400
In a study investigating the time public school teachers spend in various classroom activities, teachers were found to spend about ____ % of the time in a 30-minute lesson on academic work.
What is 10-15 % pg 219
400
According to the text, why are there fewer children diagnosed with mental retardation today than there were in 1974? a. Schools are providing a much healthier diet and children are getting better nutrition. b. Much better prenatal care is available to mothers and so fewer birth defects are occurring. c. Diagnostic accuracy has improved and many children who would have been classified as having mental retardation today are being diagnosed as having learning disabilities. d. Vaccines are much more available today so many cases of mental retardation can be prevented.
What is Diagnostic accuracy has improved and many children who would have been classified as having mental retardation today are being diagnosed as having learning disabilities.
500
Tommy appears to not care at all about the quality of the school work he does. When asked, he says things like: “School is stupid. No one should try hard. Learning is useless.” Using the terms identified by David McClelland, you would conclude that Tommy has: a. very low achievement motivation b. very high need for excellence c. very low autonomy d. a low “pride” quotient
What is very low achievement motivation pg 220
500
When Jeremy learns to direct his own behavior, rather than behave in strict accordance with the directions of his parents and teachers, psychologists would say he has developed: a. coregulation b. peer status c. self-regulated behavior d. self-monitoring
What is self-regulated behavior pg 245
500
Which of the following most accurately expresses the relative emphasis given to moral attitudes versus moral behavior in Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory of moral development? a. Kohlberg’s theory focuses on explaining moral attitudes, but not moral behavior. b. Kohlberg’s theory focuses on explaining moral behavior, but not moral attitudes. c. Kohlberg’s theory focuses on explaining both moral attitudes and moral behavior. d. Kohlberg’s theory focuses on explaining theoretical ethics, not moral attitudes or behavior.
What is Kohlberg’s theory focuses on explaining moral attitudes, but not moral behavior. pg237
500
Generalizing from data presented in the text, which of the following children would have the greatest chance of suffering from asthma? a. Linnea, a middle-class white girl who lives in northern Minnesota b. Rollin, a poor African American boy who lives in St. Louis, Missouri c. Jose, a Hispanic middle-class Hispanic boy who lives in rural California d. Jeff, a poor white boy who lives on a farm in New York state
What is Rollin, a poor African American boy who lives in St. Louis, Missouri pg 205-206
500
If a 5-year-old girl watches an adult pour juice from a tall, thin glass into a short, wide glass, and then she is asked, “Which glass has more juice?” she would typically: a. conclude that either the short, wide glass has more juice or that the tall, thin glass has more juice b. conclude that since no juice was spilled, the glasses have the same amount of juice c. become very confused and ask to see the juice poured again and again d. not be able to answer the question because she would be confused about why the adult was asking such an obvious question
What is conclude that either the short, wide glass has more juice or that the tall, thin glass has more juice pg 210
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