Marvelous Minerals
Minerals are the natural "building blocks" that combine to make these.
Rocks
This types of rock forms when lave or magma cools and hardens
Igneous Rock
The breaking of big rocks into tiny pieces called sediments by wind and/or rain is called what?
Weathering
True or False.
Fossils are only found in sedimentary rock
True
In flat rock layers, where are the oldest rocks found?
At the bottom
This property describes how light reflects off a minerals surface----making it look shiny/metallic, glassy or dull.
Luster
This type of rock forms when tiny pieces of sand, dirt, and shells are pressed together in layers.
Sedimentary Rock
The process of moving broken rocks from one place to another by wind or water is called what?
Erosion
A dinosaur footprint preserved in mud is an example of what kind of fossil?
Trace fossil
Where are the youngest fossils found in rock layers?
At the top
True or False.
You should use color alone to identify a mineral
False. Many minerals have the same color, but streak color is more reliable
This type of rock form deep underground from pre-existing rocks using extreme heat and pressure.
Metamorphic Rock
When sediments are squished together tightly under heavy weight is called what?
Compaction
When an animal or plant species no longer has any living member on Earth, it is called what?
Extinct
If Layer D is at the very bottom and Layer A is at the top, which layer is older?
Layer D
Topaz has a hardness of 8. Can a Diamond (hardness of 10) scratch Topaz?
Yes.
Minerals with higher numbers can scratch softer ones
You are exploring an active volcano. Which type of rock will you find the most of?
Igneous Rock
True or False.
An igneous rock can turn into a sedimentary rock over time.
True
Through weathering, erosion, compaction, and cementation
What is fossilized tree sap called?
Amber
A geologist finds the same index fossil in a rock layer in Arizona and in a rock layer in Utah. What can the scientist infer about the ages of these two rock layers?
They are about the same age
To find a mineral's true color identity, you scrape it across a plate to do this test.
Streak Test
What type of igneous rock is found on top of Earth's surface?
What type of igneous rock is found underneath Earth's surface?
Extrusive
Intrusive
What two things are needed to turn sedimentary rock into metamorphic rock?
Heat & Pressure
The preserved remains of a plant or animal that lived for a short period of time and is used by scientist to figure out the age of rock layers is called what?
Index Fossil
This law state that in undisturbed sedimentary rock layers, the oldest layer is always at the bottom and the youngest layer is at the top
Law of Superposition