P&H - Daily Life
P&H - Tourism Impact
Sparta - Education
Sparta - Women
AA - Early Career
AA - Succession
AtY - Relationships with Imperial Court
100
The staple food that formed an important part of the Roman diet
*Extra points if you can identify how many of these types of shops have been found in Pompeii and/or Herculaneum
What was grain/wheat being made into bread?
What are the 31 bakeries that have been found in Pompeii and the 2 in Herculaneum?
100
The daily visitor limit proposed for Pompeii in 2024 to reduce overcrowding and damage to the site
What is 20,000 visitors per day?
100
The Spartan state-controlled education and training system for boys
What is the agoge?
100
Spartan women were expected to develop physical strength partly because the Spartans believed this would help them fulfil this (primary) role
What is producing strong, healthy children?
100
The dictator whose assassination in March 44 BC transformed Octavian's political future
Who is Julius Caesar?
100
Augustus' only legitimate child
Who was Julia?
100
The philosopher and writer who became Nero's tutor and one of Agrippina's important political allies
Who was Seneca?
200
This public building provided Romans with opportunities to exercise, socialise and bathe
What were the public baths (thermae)?
200
Identify ONE archaeological feature particularly vulnerable to the impact of large numbers of visitors at Pompeii
What is a mosaic, fresco, plaster surface, ancient flooring, wall decoration or architectural structure?
200
The age at which Spartan boys were traditionally removed from their families and entered the formal education system
What is 7 years old?
200
The reason behind why women were educated in literacy/numeracy, as well as physical activity, in Sparta
What is running and defending the household whilst men are absent for military training and campaigning?
200
The year HIS GREAT UNCLE was assassinated and Octavian learned that he had been adopted as HIS GREAT UNCLE'S heir
What is 44 BC?
200
Augustus' original heir, his nephew and then son-in-law, who died in 23 BC before he could succeed him
Who is Marcellus?
200
The Praetorian Prefect who, alongside Seneca, was an important figure in the early years of Nero's reign
Who was Burrus?
300
Gladiatorial contests, animal hunts and public spectacles took place in this enormous building at Pompeii
What was the amphitheatre?
300
The UNESCO designation that recognises Pompeii, Herculaneum and Torre Annunziata as sites of outstanding cultural significance
What is World Heritage Site status?
300
Identify ONE quality that the education system aimed to foster in Spartan boys
What is endurance, obedience, resilience, discipline, commitment to the state?
300
Spartan women could own and inherit this, giving them considerably greater economic independence than many women elsewhere in the Greek world
*Extra points if you can identify the historian that was critical of the significant proportion of women who controlled this in Sparta
What is property?
Who is Aristotle?
300
The formal alliance agreement between Octavian, Antony and Lepidus established in 43 BC
What was the Second Triumvirate?
300
After her first husband's death, Julia married this man, strengthening his connection to Augustus and the imperial family. If Augustus died before his two new heirs were old enough to inherit, this man was entrusted to act as Regent until they reached of age
Who is Marcus Agrippa?
300
These officials and administrators became increasingly important to the functioning of the imperial household and administration under Claudius and then again with Nero
Who were the imperial freedmen?
400
The establishment depicted
What is a thermpolium?
400
This programme improved access to Pompeii by creating routes that could be used by visitors with wheelchairs and prams
What is Pompeii for All?
400
Identify ONE way the education system promoted communal rather than individual values?
What is boys lived and trained together, developed loyalty to their group, ate in common messes and prioritised the interests of Sparta over their individual interests?
400
Describe the wedding customs for Spartan women
What is women cut their hair short, dressed as men and waited in a dark room? During the night, the groom would creep into the room, and abducted his new wife, before consummating the marriage and returning to the barracks?
400
The two assassins of Julius Caesar who were defeated by Antony and Octavian
*Extra points if you can identify the battle where the forces of the Second Triumvirate defeated the assassins
Who are Brutus and Cassius?
What is the Battle of Philippi?
400
He was Augustus' final successor, but he was not Augustus' first choice while Augustus' grandsons were alive
*Extra points if you can identify his relationship to Augustus
Who was his step-son, and then adopted son, Tiberius?
400
Identify ONE reason Seneca was valuable to Agrippina's political position
What is he was an influential adviser and tutor to Nero, had political connections, and could help shape Nero's decisions and education?
500
These small street-front rooms were commonly used as shops, workshops, or taverns
What are tabernae?
500
Identify ONE problem caused by tourism at Pompeii that goes beyond physical damage to buildings
What is overcrowding, congestion, pressure on infrastructure, disruption to visitor experience, or increased management costs?
500
This ancient historian was uniquely positioned to write about Sparta and the education system, having sent both of his sons there for their education
Who is Xenophon?
500
Name this bronze statuette
What is 'Running Girl'?
500
The event agreed upon by the triumvirs that resulted in the execution of many of their political enemies, including the assassins and Cicero
What are the proscriptions?
500
The year Augustus begrudgingly adopted Tiberius as his son and successor
What is 4 BC?
500
This imperial freedman was closely associated with Agrippina and was instrumental in helping her secure influence during Claudius' reign
Who is Pallas?
600
Provide THREE archaeological pieces of evidence of daily life in Pompeii and/or Herculaneum
What is graffiti, electoral notices, frescoes, mosaics, houses, shops, food remains, baths and public buildings?
600
Identify TWO ways tourism has influenced the management of Pompeii and Herculaneum
What are increased conservation measures, visitor limits, improved accessibility, restoration programmes, controlled access, visitor-management strategies, or greater funding/public awareness?
600
Explain how the education system contributed to Sparta's military strength
What is the agoge produced highly disciplined and physically conditioned citizens who shared common military values, obeyed commands and were prepared to fight collectively as hoplites?
600
This attributed woman's comment about shields illustrates the expectation that Spartan women should value military courage and the interests of the state
*Extra points if you can identify the historian that is accredited with recording this comment
"With it (the shield) or on it" -- Plutarch
600
Octavian's actions between 44 and 31 BC transformed him from a teenage heir with a claim based on Caesar's name into the dominant Roman political and military leader. Identify/Name THREE events that contributed to this transformation
What is alliance with Antony and Lepidus; formation of the Second Triumvirate; Proscriptions; Victory at Philippi; Elimination of Sextus Pompey; Removal of Lepidus; Growing rivalry with Antony; Propaganda against Antony and Cleopatra; Victory at the Battle of Actium?
600
Name FOUR individuals who were at some point considered, promoted or positioned as potential successors to Augustus
Who are Marcellus, Agrippa, Gaius and Lucius Caesar, Agrippa Postumus and Tiberius?
600
Agrippina's relationships with Seneca, Burrus and the imperial freedmen demonstrate that her influence was based less on formal political office and more on this
What was her ability to build and utilise networks of patronage and personal relationships within the imperial court?