Types of Economic Activity
This term describes activities that use resources to produce, distribute or provide goods and services.
What is economic activity?
Businesses owned and controlled by private individuals or groups, usually with the aim of earning profit, belong to this sector.
What is the private sector?
The process of setting long-term goals and deciding how organisational resources will be used to achieve them.
What is strategic planning?
These moral principles guide businesses in deciding what is right, fair and responsible.
What are business ethics?
The process of selecting the best course of action from two or more possible alternatives.
What is decision making?
The growing connection and interdependence of countries, businesses, markets and economies through trade, technology and investment.
What is globalisation?
The process of using human, financial, physical and technological resources to achieve organisational objectives.
What is management?
The formal arrangement of positions, responsibilities, authority and working relationships within a business.
What is organisational structure?
The internal and external forces that cause individuals to act, exert effort and persist towards achieving goals.
What is motivation?
The ability to influence, guide and inspire others to work towards shared organisational goals.
What is leadership?
A collection of individuals who work interdependently towards achieving a shared objective.
What is a team?
A disagreement or struggle between individuals or groups because of differences in goals, opinions, interests or values.
What is conflict?
Movement from an existing situation to a new or different situation.
What is change?
The process of sending, receiving and understanding information between two or more people.
What is communication?
The management process involving the planning, recruitment, selection, training, development, motivation and retention of employees.
What is Human Resource Management?
A group of businesses involved in similar types of economic activity.
What is an industry?
Organisations owned or controlled by government to provide services and support national development belong to this sector.
What is the public sector?
This statement explains why a business exists and what it currently seeks to accomplish.
What is a mission statement?
This concept involves applying shared ethical standards throughout an organisation's behaviour and decision-making.
What is organisational ethics?
Raw facts and figures that have not yet been organised or interpreted for decision-making.
What is data?
A business that operates in more than one country, usually with headquarters in one country and operations in others.
What is a multinational corporation?
A factory reduces the amount of raw material and working time needed to produce each item without reducing output.
What is efficiency?
This diagram shows an organisation's positions and reporting relationships.
What is an organisational chart?
The degree of contentment employees experience in relation to their work.
What is job satisfaction?
This theory argues that effective leaders may possess particular personal qualities or characteristics.
What is Trait Theory?
Unlike a team, this collection of people may interact without necessarily depending on one another to achieve a shared objective.
What is a group?
Employees disagree about a production method, leading to a better solution and improved efficiency. This is the type of conflict demonstrated.
What is functional conflict?
The individual or group responsible for leading, supporting or encouraging an organisational change initiative.
Who is a change agent?
A manager converts an idea into words, symbols or instructions before sending it to employees.
What is encoding?
This process ensures that an organisation has the appropriate number of employees, with the right skills, in suitable positions at the required time.
What is workforce planning?
This broad classification groups economic activities according to their main function.
What is an economic sector?
Organisations that mainly serve social, environmental, educational or community needs rather than maximise profit belong to this sector.
What is the not-for-profit sector?
This statement describes what an organisation hopes to become in the future.
What is a vision statement?
A manager refuses to falsify records even though doing so could increase short-term profits. This demonstrates this ethical principle.
What is integrity?
Data that has been processed into a form useful for managers when making decisions.
What is information?
The reduction or removal of trade barriers between countries.
What is trade liberalisation?
A company successfully achieves its target of increasing customer satisfaction.
What is effectiveness?
The arrangement of organisational positions from senior management down to lower-level employees.
What is hierarchy?
Wages, salaries, bonuses, commissions and overtime pay belong to this reward category.
What are financial rewards?
A supervisor recognises when an employee is frustrated, manages their own emotional response and handles the situation sensitively.
What is emotional intelligence?
The degree to which members feel united, committed and willing to remain part of their team.
What is team cohesiveness?
Continuous disagreements damage workplace relationships, reduce morale and lower productivity. This is the type of conflict demonstrated.
What is dysfunctional conflict?
A supermarket introduces self-checkout machines and an electronic stock-management system.
What is technical change?
Employees interpret the words and symbols in a supervisor's message to determine what they are expected to do.
What is decoding?
The process of attracting suitable candidates to apply for a vacant position.
What is recruitment?
Fishing, cocoa farming and petroleum extraction belong to this economic sector.
What is the primary sector?
This is an unincorporated business owned and controlled by one individual.
What is a sole trader?
Honesty, fairness, quality and respect are examples of these principles that guide organisational behaviour.
What are core values?
This concept requires businesses to consider their effects on society and the environment rather than focusing only on profit.
What is Corporate Social Responsibility?
Business information should possess these four characteristics to support reliable decisions.
What are clarity, accuracy, relevance and timeliness?
A tax placed on imported goods to raise revenue or make imports more expensive.
What is a tariff?
A manufacturer measures the number of bottles produced per worker during a shift. This is a measure of output relative to input.
What is productivity?
The line of authority through which instructions and decisions move within an organisation.
What is the chain of command?
Recognition, job enrichment, responsibility and promotion are examples of this reward category.
What are non-financial rewards?
A business leader considers long-term opportunities, possible threats and the future direction of the company rather than focusing only on daily tasks.
What is strategic thinking?
Team members reach a decision that most or all can accept, even when it is not everyone's first preference.
What is consensus?
Employees become frustrated because their supervisor makes decisions without consultation and treats staff unfairly. This is the cause of conflict.
What is management style?
A manufacturer changes its pricing and production plans because inflation has increased its operating costs.
What is economic change?
A cashier repeats an instruction to a supervisor to confirm that the message has been correctly understood.
What is feedback?
The process of choosing the most suitable applicant from a group of candidates.
What is selection?
Manufacturing soft drinks, refining crude oil and constructing buildings belong to this sector.
What is the secondary sector?
This structure involves two or more individuals operating a business and sharing its responsibilities and profits.
What is a partnership?
This planning tool evaluates internal strengths and weaknesses alongside external opportunities and threats.
What is SWOT analysis?
Shareholders, employees, customers, suppliers and local communities are examples of these parties affected by a business.
Who are stakeholders?
Customer opinions, employee attitudes and managerial judgement belong to this type of decision-making information.
What is qualitative information?
A government limits the quantity of a particular product that may enter its domestic market.
What is an import quota?
A manager establishes goals and determines the actions and resources required to achieve them.
What is planning?
A supervisor directly manages eight employees. The number eight represents this feature of organisational structure.
What is span of control?
Employees may be motivated differently because their personal circumstances, priorities and requirements are not identical. This factor influences motivation.
What are individual needs?
A leader carefully questions assumptions, examines evidence and evaluates alternative explanations before accepting a recommendation.
What is critical thinking?
During this first stage of Tuckman's model, employees meet their colleagues, learn about the assignment and look to their leader for guidance.
What is forming?
Two departments disagree because both need access to the same limited equipment and financial resources.
What is competition for scarce resources?
A business adjusts its products because the size and age composition of the population are changing.
What is demographic change?
Loud machinery, interruptions and other disturbances interfere with the successful transmission of information.
What is noise?
This document identifies a job's duties, responsibilities and reporting relationships.
What is a job description?
Banking, tourism, education and transportation belong to this sector.
What is the tertiary sector?
A sole trader may be personally responsible for business debts and risk losing personal assets. This is called this form of liability.
What is unlimited liability?
These five characteristics help convert a vague business aim into a properly defined objective.
What are Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and Time-bound?
This system determines how companies are directed, controlled and held responsible for their decisions.
What is corporate governance?
Sales figures, profit estimates, costs and probabilities belong to this type of decision-making information.
What is quantitative information?
Several countries agree to reduce trade barriers among themselves to encourage regional trade.
What is a trading bloc?
A hotel manager divides work among housekeeping, reception, maintenance and food-service departments.
What is organising?
A manager assigns an employee responsibility for preparing a report and gives the employee the authority needed to complete it.
What is delegation?
An employee works hard and seeks improvement because of personal determination and ambition, even without supervision.
What is self-motivation?
This theory recommends adjusting leadership behaviour according to employees' readiness, competence and confidence.
What is Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership Theory?
Team members begin questioning responsibilities and leadership arrangements, resulting in disagreements and tension.
What is storming?
A manager provides unclear instructions, causing workers to misunderstand their responsibilities and blame one another.
What is ineffective communication?
A restaurant introduces healthier menu options because customers' lifestyles and preferences have changed.
What is social change?
A manager conducts a staff briefing and allows employees to ask questions immediately. This communication method relies mainly on spoken words.
What is oral communication?
This document identifies the qualifications, experience, skills and personal qualities required for a position.
What is a job/person specification?
Farmers supply these inputs, which manufacturers may transform into finished products.
What are raw materials?
A growing family bakery wants incorporation and shareholder protection without offering shares to the general public.
What is a private limited company?
A Caribbean beverage manufacturer identifies rising foreign competition as a possible danger to its market share. This is the appropriate SWOT classification.
What is an external threat?
Directors must answer for their decisions and explain how they have used company resources.
What is accountability?
Before selecting a solution, managers must identify and clearly explain the underlying business problem.
What is problem definition?
This Caribbean regional arrangement seeks to facilitate movement of goods, services, capital and certain categories of labour among participating CARICOM states.
What is the CARICOM Single Market and Economy (CSME)?
A supermarket manager recruits, selects, trains and places suitable employees in different positions.
What is staffing?
Senior executives retain authority over most major decisions rather than allowing branch managers to decide independently.
What is centralisation?
A talented worker becomes more motivated when the business provides appropriate training, supportive conditions and opportunities to use their skills.
What are environmental opportunities?
A new employee lacks the knowledge and confidence to complete an unfamiliar task, so the supervisor provides detailed instructions and close guidance.
What is directing leadership?
Members establish shared expectations, accept responsibilities and develop more cooperative working relationships.
What is norming?
Two employees experience ongoing tension because their attitudes, behaviour and approaches to work are incompatible.
What is a clash of personalities?
A business introduces new workplace procedures to comply with recently introduced legislation.
What is legal change?
A company issues formal policies, contracts and memoranda to maintain accurate records of important information.
What is written communication?
A supermarket promotes an experienced cashier to supervisor rather than recruiting someone from outside the organisation.
What is internal recruitment?
Unlike primary production, secondary production creates these goods through processing and transformation.
What are finished or semi-finished goods?
A company wants to raise capital by offering shares to the investing public and accepting greater reporting requirements.
What is a public limited company?
A factory supervisor establishes a daily target of producing 500 bottles. This is the level of business objective.
What is an operational objective?
A company provides shareholders with clear, accurate and timely financial information.
What is transparency?
Once information has been analysed, managers develop different possible courses of action during this stage of decision-making.
What is formulation of alternative strategies?
A foreign manufacturer establishes a production facility in Trinidad and Tobago, bringing investment capital and creating local employment.
What is foreign direct investment?
A manager motivates employees, gives direction, communicates expectations and builds commitment to organisational goals.
What is leading?
Branch managers are allowed to make decisions about local operations without referring every issue to head office.
What is decentralisation?
According to Maslow, wages that allow employees to purchase food, clothing and shelter primarily help satisfy this level of need.
What are physiological needs?
A worker has limited experience but wants to improve. The supervisor explains tasks, provides guidance and encourages the employee's development.
What is coaching leadership?
A project team operates effectively, resolves routine problems and concentrates on achieving its objectives with minimal supervision.
What is performing?
Employees disagree because job duties have not been clearly defined and nobody knows who should complete certain tasks.
What is role ambiguity?
Employees oppose a proposed organisational change because they believe it threatens their existing working arrangements.
What is resistance to change?
A production supervisor uses diagrams, charts and graphs to help employees understand information.
What is visual communication?
A company introduces new employees to the organisation, their duties, workplace rules and culture through these two closely related processes.
What are induction and orientation?
A delivery company transports pepper sauce without manufacturing it. This distinguishes the company's activity from the production of tangible goods.
What is the provision of a service?
Farmers establish an enterprise where members participate in ownership and democratic control for their mutual benefit.
What is a co-operative?
The marketing department plans a six-month advertising campaign to support the company's long-term expansion. This is the level of planning.
What is tactical planning?
A company introduces fair wages, safer working conditions and staff development programmes as part of its social responsibilities.
What is employee-focused CSR?
A manufacturer delays purchasing machinery because workers lack the skills required to operate it. This is the internal factor influencing its decision.
What is a human factor?
Digital payment systems, e-commerce platforms and improved communication make it easier for Caribbean firms to trade internationally. This is the driver of globalisation involved.
What is technological development?
A production manager compares actual output with targets and takes corrective action when performance falls below expectations.
What is controlling?
A company establishes separate departments for production, marketing, finance and human resources.
What is a functional organisational structure?
mployees develop friendships, feel accepted by colleagues and enjoy a sense of belonging in the workplace. These are the needs being satisfied in Maslow's theory.
What are social needs?
An employee possesses the necessary technical skills but lacks confidence. The manager emphasises encouragement, participation and confidence-building rather than detailed instructions.
What is supporting leadership?
A temporary team completes its assigned project, reviews its achievements and separates.
What is adjourning?
A production supervisor and warehouse supervisor both believe they have authority over the same employees and decisions.
What is role overlap?
Cashiers worry that proposed self-checkout machines may make their jobs redundant because they do not know what management intends.
What is fear of the unknown?
A supervisor's facial expressions, gestures and posture communicate an attitude even when no words are spoken.
What is non-verbal communication?
A new cashier learns to operate a point-of-sale system by observing and practising under the supervision of an experienced employee.
What is on-the-job training?
In the chapter's pepper sauce example, these five participants form the supply chain from production to final consumption.
Who are the farmer, manufacturer, distributor, retailer and customer?
A business owner pays to operate under an established company's brand, methods and operating standards.
What is a franchise?
Top management establishes a five-year objective to expand into three Caribbean markets. This is the level of objective.
What is a strategic objective?
A manufacturing company reduces waste, conserves energy and introduces recyclable packaging.
What is environmental CSR?
A business changes its sourcing arrangements after the government increases import duties. This is the category of external influence involved.
What are governmental, political and legal factors?
Caribbean supermarkets now stock a wider range of local and imported products, giving shoppers more alternatives in price, style and quality.
What is increased consumer choice?
A food-processing company studies tasks scientifically, removes unnecessary movements and introduces standard work procedures to improve efficiency.
What is Taylor's Scientific Management?
A manufacturer creates separate juice, snack and sauce divisions, each responsible for its own product performance.
What is a product-based organisational structure?
An experienced professional wants opportunities to develop their abilities, achieve personal growth and reach their full potential.
What are self-actualisation needs?
An experienced, competent and confident employee is given responsibility for completing tasks with minimal supervision.
What is delegating leadership?
A team leader ensures that all members contribute ideas and take an active part in completing assignments. This is an important characteristic of effective teams.
What is participation?
A manager temporarily postpones a minor disagreement because the issue is not urgent and employees need time to calm down.
What is avoidance?
A departmental manager opposes a restructuring programme because responsibilities and decision-making authority may be transferred to another manager.
What is fear of losing power or authority?
A company uses a private internal digital network to circulate documents and information among authorised employees.
What is an intranet?
A company sends employees to a specialist training centre away from their normal workplace to learn how to operate new equipment.
What is off-the-job training?
A business purchases mangoes, processes them into jam and sells the branded product at a higher price. This increase in worth is known by this term.
What is value added?
Two construction companies combine their resources and expertise to undertake a major project while sharing costs and risks.
What is a joint venture?
A manufacturer improves productivity, standardises its products and negotiates cheaper supplier contracts to become one of the lowest-cost producers.
What is Porter's cost leadership strategy?
A business supports local schools, community programmes and neighbourhood development initiatives.
What is community CSR?
This square symbol in a decision tree represents the point where a manager chooses between alternatives.
What is a decision node?
Consumers compare local products with international brands and begin expecting better packaging, faster service and more reliable products.
What are higher consumer quality expectations?
Employees at a supermarket receive conflicting instructions from different supervisors. The manager applies this theorist's principle of unity of command to solve the problem.
Who is Henri Fayol? Administrative Management
A Caribbean company divides its operations into Trinidad, Barbados, Jamaica and Guyana divisions to respond to different market conditions.
What is a geographical organisational structure?
A company improves salaries, safety and working conditions. Under Herzberg's theory, these improvements mainly address the factors that prevent dissatisfaction.
What are hygiene factors?
A leader uses shared organisational values to guide business decisions and employee behaviour, following the approach associated with Richard Barrett.
What is Value-Based Leadership?
Employees are comfortable sharing ideas and admitting mistakes because they believe colleagues will act honestly and support one another.
What is trust?
A manager reminds two departments of their shared objectives and emphasises agreement to reduce tension without immediately addressing the underlying issue.
What is smoothing?
Customer demand for convenience, competitive pressure and opportunities to increase sales encourage a supermarket to introduce online ordering.
What are driving forces?
Management issues an official policy through approved reporting lines and established organisational procedures.
What is formal communication?
A supervisor provides practical guidance and regular feedback to improve an employee's performance on a specific task.
What is coaching?
Local agricultural production helps ensure the availability of food and reduces dependence on external supplies. This is an important contribution of primary activities.
What is food security?
An organisation created by legislation to perform a public function, such as providing an essential service, is known by this term.
What is a statutory authority?
A local skincare producer emphasises distinctive ingredients, packaging and product quality to stand apart from competitors.
What is Porter's differentiation strategy?
A food manufacturer ensures accurate product labels, honest advertising and safe products.
What is customer-focused CSR?
This circular symbol identifies a point at which uncertain outcomes may occur.
What is a chance node?
A Caribbean manufacturer reduces its selling price because cheaper imported products threaten its market share. This is the business decision being influenced by globalisation.
What is pricing policy?
A public institution relies on formal rules, clear hierarchy, written records and merit-based appointments to promote consistency and accountability.
Who is Max Weber?
What is Max Weber's Bureaucratic Management?
Employees report to both functional and project managers, allowing resources to be shared across projects but creating possible conflicts in authority.
What is a matrix organisational structure?
A manager introduces recognition, challenging work, achievement and greater responsibility to increase employee satisfaction. Under Herzberg's theory, these are known by this term.
What are motivators?
A manager refuses to approve dishonest reporting, even when doing so would benefit the business financially. This follows the approach associated with Kasthuri Henry.
What is Ethical Leadership?
In a marketing team, two members contribute very little because they expect the other employees to complete the work.
What is social loafing?
Two employees disagree about their working schedules. Each agrees to surrender some preferred hours to reach a mutually acceptable arrangement.
What is compromise?
Employees' limited digital skills, high system costs and fear of additional workload discourage the introduction of online ordering.
What are restraining forces?
Workers exchange information through unofficial workplace conversations rather than following the organisation's official reporting lines.
What is informal communication?
An employee is experiencing personal difficulties that are affecting attendance and performance. HR provides confidential guidance to help the employee address these problems.
What is counselling?
Trinidad and Tobago's petroleum exports can help earn this type of international purchasing power for the country.
What is foreign exchange?
A government transfers ownership or control of a state enterprise to private investors.
What is privatisation?
A tourism business decides to specialise in a narrow market of environmentally conscious visitors instead of serving all tourists.
What is Porter's focus strategy?
A manufacturer pays suppliers fairly, honours agreements and avoids exploitative purchasing practices.
What is supplier-focused CSR?
A manufacturer uses a decision tree to examine both favourable and unfavourable outcomes before launching a new product. This is a major advantage of decision tree analysis because it helps managers understand uncertainty.
What is the ability to identify and assess potential risks?
A multinational company transfers profits earned in the Caribbean to its parent company overseas.
What is profit repatriation?
A manufacturing business improves morale by encouraging employee participation, recognising achievements and strengthening workplace relationships.
Who is Elton Mayo?
What is Elton Mayo's Human Relations Model?
A hotel establishes a guest-experience team containing employees from reception, housekeeping and maintenance to solve customer problems together.
What is a team organisational structure?
A worker believes that additional effort will improve performance, provided that proper equipment and training are available. This is the first component of Vroom's theory.
What is expectancy?
A factory supervisor establishes measurable targets and uses rewards or penalties depending on employee performance.
What is transactional leadership?
A product-development team refuses to challenge a weak proposal because members are more concerned with preserving harmony than considering alternatives.
What is groupthink?
A hotel manager brings housekeeping and reception staff together to redesign room-status procedures and resolve the cause of repeated disagreements.
What is collaboration?
Management identifies and compares factors supporting and opposing a proposed change before deciding how to proceed.
What is Lewin's Force Field Analysis?
A hotel manager uses complicated terminology and poorly organised instructions when explaining a new procedure. The communication problem originates at this stage.
What is a sender-stage barrier?
An experienced manager regularly guides a junior employee's professional development and helps prepare the employee for future leadership responsibilities.
What is mentoring?
Cocoa farmers experience poor harvests following unfavourable rainfall. This demonstrates a major weakness of primary production.
What is dependence on weather, climate and natural conditions?
A government takes ownership or control of a previously privately owned business.
What is nationalisation?
Following SWOT analysis and strategy selection, managers allocate resources, assign responsibilities and carry out the chosen actions. This is the next major stage of strategic planning.
What is implementation of the plan?
Shareholders demand greater profits while employees request higher wages and safer working conditions. This situation illustrates competing obligations to different parties.
What is stakeholder conflict?
A business estimates the likelihood of high demand for a new product using limited market research. If these estimates are inaccurate, the decision tree may produce misleading recommendations.
What is the limitation of using estimated probabilities in decision tree analysis?
A government improves roads, ports, workforce training and export support while strengthening business regulations to help domestic firms compete internationally.
What is creating an enabling business environment?
A hotel manager recognises that poor communication between reception, housekeeping and maintenance affects overall service quality. This approach views departments as interconnected parts of an organisation.
What is the systems approach to management?
A Caribbean fashion brand controls its designs and marketing strategy but outsources manufacturing, logistics and other specialised functions to external businesses.
What is a network organisational structure?
A salesperson meets every performance target but doubts that management will honour its promised bonus. This weak component of Vroom's theory explains the employee's reduced motivation.
What is instrumentality?
A manager inspires employees to embrace a shared vision for organisational improvement and encourages them to exceed normal expectations.
What is transformational leadership?
A team contains employees with different skills, experiences and perspectives. This source of team cohesiveness can encourage creativity but may also create disagreements if poorly managed.
What is diversity?
A supervisor directly addresses repeated breaches of workplace safety procedures, presents evidence and firmly insists that acceptable standards must be followed.
What is confrontation?
In the chapter's online grocery ordering example, driving forces total 16 while restraining forces total 14. This is the difference of how much is in favour of what?
What is 2 points in favour of change?
During an important video conference, unreliable internet service interrupts the message and prevents participants from hearing complete instructions.
What is a transmission-stage barrier?
A company sets employee targets, provides resources, agrees on deadlines, reviews progress and formally assesses results. These are the five stages of this continuous process.
What is the performance management cycle?
A shortage of peppers reduces factory output, while transport delays prevent finished sauce from reaching supermarkets. These connected effects demonstrate this relationship among economic sectors.
What is sectoral interdependence?
In the chapter's share-ownership example, Investor A owns 25,000 of a company's 100,000 shares. This is Investor A's percentage ownership.
What is 25%?
A business has implemented its expansion strategy. Management now compares actual sales with targets, identifies differences and adjusts its activities where necessary. This is the final stage of the planning process.
What is monitoring and evaluating performance?
A Caribbean resort claims to be environmentally responsible in its advertising while continuing practices that damage nearby marine ecosystems.
What is greenwashing?
TropiBrew Ltd discovers that its premium and budget sorrel products have identical net expected values. Management must therefore consider customer preferences, brand image, production capacity and competitor reactions before making its final decision.
What is the importance of qualitative factors in decision-making?
A Caribbean hotel remains profitable while protecting nearby beaches, treating employees fairly and supporting the surrounding community. These are the three dimensions of sustainability it is balancing.
What are economic, social and environmental sustainability?
A company experiences increasing disorder and declining performance because it fails to adapt to environmental changes and maintain effective internal coordination. This systems concept describes the deterioration.
What is entropy?
A digital business has almost no physical office. Its employees work from different locations and rely on online communication, cloud systems and digital platforms. This structure is defined by remote operations and limited physical presence.
What is a virtual organisational structure?
Two employees are offered the same reward. One values the reward highly, while the other prefers additional time off and has little interest in the reward. This component of Vroom's theory explains why the incentive affects them differently.
What is valence?
During organisational change, an experienced cashier without an official supervisory position influences colleagues more strongly than the appointed manager. This type of influence may support or undermine management depending on how it is used.
What is informal leadership?
A team reaches the performing stage but experiences new disagreements after several members are replaced. This exposes an important limitation of Tuckman's model.
What is the possibility that teams may move backwards, repeat or skip stages rather than follow a fixed linear sequence?
Two workers perform similar duties, but only one receives a performance bonus. Resentment spreads because employees consider the reward arrangements unfair. This underlying organisational cause of conflict should be corrected.
What is a poor or unfair reward system?
Two managers give different scores to the same force because they interpret its importance differently. This demonstrates a major weakness of Force Field Analysis.
What is the subjectivity of scoring?
A well-prepared safety message reaches employees clearly, but some misunderstand it because they make assumptions and fail to listen carefully. Training, clarification and checking understanding are needed to address this type of communication problem.
What is a receiver-stage barrier?
A Caribbean food manufacturer plans regional expansion. Its HR department develops recruitment, employee training, leadership development and performance policies specifically to support that long-term expansion.
What is Strategic Human Resource Management?