Bryophytes & Ferns
These are types of primitive, non-vascular plants that lack xylem and phloem to transport water.
What are Bryophytes
This term refers to the group of seed-bearing plants whose name literally translates to "naked seed."
What are Gymnosperms
This is the collective name for the male reproductive organs of a flower, consisting of an anther and a filament.
What is the stamen
This is the botanical term for a mature, ripened plant ovary that encloses and protects seeds.
What is a fruit
Because they do not use seeds, ferns and mosses rely on these single-celled structures to reproduce and disperse.
What are spores
Conifers, cycads, and this single-species "living fossil" tree are all classified as gymnosperms.
What is the Ginkgo tree
This sticky top surface of the carpel/pistil is designed to catch incoming pollen grains.
What is the stigma
This specific process describes a seed breaking dormancy and starting to sprout into a new plant.
What is germination
This is the most dominant, highly visible, green stage of life in a moss's life cycle.
What is the gametophyte generation
Rather than hiding their seeds inside fruits, gymnosperms house their seeds inside these rigid, woody structures.
What are cones
A flower that possesses both male stamens and female carpels is referred to by this adjective.
What is a perfect flower
This fleshy tissue inside an angiosperm seed provides a vital, nutrient-rich food supply for the developing embryo.
What is the endosperm (or cotyledon)
These small, brown, button-like clusters found on the underside of fern fronds house the plant's sporangia.
What are sori
This fine, dust-like powder contains the entire immature male gametophyte stage of a gymnosperm or angiosperm.
What is pollen
These small, green, leaf-like structures protect the delicate flower bud before it opens.
What are sepals
Flowers that produce a strong, foul odor resembling rotting meat are typically trying to attract this specific insect pollinator.
What are flies
Fern and moss sperm require this specific environmental factor so they can swim to the egg.
What is water
Unlike flowering plants, gymnosperms rely almost exclusively on this non-living agent for pollination.
What is the wind
After successful pollination, pollen tubes must grow all the way down this long, slender neck structure to reach the ovary.
What is the style
This unique, resource-saving evolutionary phenomenon in angiosperms involves two separate sperm cells; one fertilizes the egg, and the other forms the endosperm.
What is double fertilization?