INFECTION 1
Occurs when a pathogen invades the body, multiplies, and causes disease
What is infection
Precautions applied to all patients regardless of diagnosis or presumed infection status
What is Standard precautions
Best protection against hepatitis A virus (HAV)
What is Vaccination
Excess fluid in the peritoneal cavity
What is ascites
Infections that are acquired because of exposure to microorganisms in a health care setting
What is Health care–associated infections (HAIs)
Live in soil or bodies of water
What is protozoa
Promote hepatocyte regeneration
What is rest
Must be avoided by patient with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV)
What is alcohol
Precautions used for patients known to be or suspected of being infected with highly transmissible pathogen
What is Transmission-based precautions
Minimize contact with pathogens that spread through the air at close contact and that affect the respiratory system or mucous membranes
What is droplet precautions
Neuropsychiatric manifestation of liver disease
What is Hepatic encephalopathy
Sudden onset of severe, deep, piercing, steady pain in the left upper quadrant but may be mid-epigastric, often radiates to the back.
What is pancreatitis
Number of organisms affected by an antibiotic
What is spectrum
Single most important thing you can do to prevent infection
What is hand washing
Most life-threatening complication of cirrhosis and considered a medical emergency
What is ruptured esophageal varices
Done for the patient with impaired respiration or abdominal discomfort caused by severe ascites that does not respond with medication
What is paracentesis
Federal agency that protects workers from injury and illness in places of employment
What is Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
Atypical manifestation of infection in older adults
What is cognitive and behavior changes
Medication that provide relief from itching
What is Cholestyramine
Associated with obstruction caused by gallstones or biliary sludge
What is Cholecystitis
Information before administering antibiotic
What is allergy
Occur when antibiotics reduce or eliminate the normal bacterial flora
What is Superinfections
Primary diagnostic tests for acute pancreatitis
What is serum amylase and lipase
Reduce or suppress pancreatic enzymes to decrease stimulation of the pancreas and allow it to rest
What is NPO
Patients at highest risk for acquiring Health care–associated infections (HAIs)
What is surgical and immunocompromised patients
Not finishing or not taking antibiotic as prescribed
What is drug resistance or developing drug resistance
For patient with varices who are at risk for bleeding
What is nonselective β-blocker (nadolol, propranolol)
For patient with bleeding varices
What is somatostatin analog octreotide (Sandostatin) or vasopressin
The main treatment for many infections
What is Antimicrobial therapy
Monitor patient when administering antibiotic
What is adverse effects
Treatment of choice for symptomatic gallstones
What is Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Used to diagnose gallstones
What is Ultrasound