Air Man 1
The trachea branches at the ______ and forms two mainstem bronchi.
A. bronchioles
B. carina
C. nasopharynx
D. alveoli
B. carina
Oropharyngeal airways can be used on unconscious patients, except those who
A. are in cardiac arrest.
B. have a gag reflex.
C. are younger than 8 years
D. have a contagious respiratory disease.
B. have a gag reflex.
*pt has the potential to vomit, which can lead to aspiration if it gets in the airway*
The most difficult part of delivering BVM artificial ventilations for a single rescuer is
A. obtaining an adequate mask seal.
B. squeezing the bag completely.
C. maintaining an open airway
D. preventing the patient from vomiting
A. obtaining an adequate mask seal.
The process of moving air in and out of the chest is known as:
A. respiration
B. metabolism
C. inhalation
D. ventilation
D. ventilation
A 24-year-old female patient has fallen from the roof of her house and is unconscious. The best method of opening her airway is the _____ maneuver.
A. head-tilt, chin-lift
B. jaw-thrust
C. head-tilt, neck-lift
D. tongue-jaw lift
B. jaw-thrust
Which of the following is found in the lower airway?
A. Uvula
B. Tonsils
C. Bronchi
D. nasopharynx
C. Bronchi
The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and circulating blood is called:
A. internal respiration
B. pulmonary respiration
C. cellular respiration
D. ventilation
B. pulmonary respiration
A nasal cannula should be used to deliver oxygen to a patient who
A. has a chronic lung disease
B. requires a high concentration of oxygen
C. will not tolerate a non-rebreather mask
D. uses a cannula with a home oxygen system.
C. will not tolerate a non-rebreather mask
The nasopharyngeal airway is often utilized because it
A. comes in more sizes than the oropharyngeal airway
B. often does not stimulate the patient’s gag reflex
C. can be used even if clear (CSF) fluid is seen in the nose or ears
D. is made of rigid, clear plastic, which is less likely to cause bleeding.
B. often does not stimulate the patient’s gag reflex
You are performing abdominal thrusts on a 19-year-old male with a severe airway obstruction when he becomes unresponsive. After lowering him to the ground and placing him in a supine position, you should:
A) open his airway and look inside his mouth.
B) begin CPR, starting with chest compressions.
C) continue abdominal thrusts until ALS responders arrive.
D) assess for a carotid pulse for up to 10 seconds.
B) begin CPR, starting with chest compressions.
Which of the following is necessary to deliver oxygen to patients at a safe pressure?
A. regulator
B. flowmeter
C. filter
D. non-rebreather mask
A. regulator
Inadequate breathing or inadequate blood circulation can cause
A. kyphosis.
B. hyperglycemia.
C. lordosis.
D. hypoxia.
D. hypoxia.
A patient who inhaled superheated steam in an industrial fire is most likely to exhibit which one of the following airway noises?
A. Stridor
B. Wheezing
C. Gurgling
D. Snoring
A. Stridor
*Gurgling is some type of fluid. Wheezing occurs in the lower lobes on exhalation. Snoring is the relaxation of the tongue occluding the airway*
An unresponsive man has shallow, gurgling respirations at a rate of 8 breaths/min. Initial treatment should include:
A. suctioning of the oropharynx.
B. oropharyngeal airway insertion.
C. positive-pressure ventilations.
D. oxygen via non-rebreathing mask.
A. suctioning of the oropharynx.
Signs of inadequate artificial ventilation of an adult patient include
A. a heart rate that returns to normal
B. failure of the patient’s skin color to improve.
C. the patient’s chest rising and falling with each ventilation.
D. a ventilation rate of 10–12 per minute.
B. failure of the patient’s skin color to improve.
Which of the following statements regarding artificial ventilation of an apneic patient who has dentures is correct?
A) Because of the risk of airway obstruction, the EMT should routinely remove a patient’s dentures.
B) If a patient’s dentures are loose, the EMT should use the jaw-thrust maneuver to keep the airway open.
C) The EMT should not attempt to remove a patient’s dentures because this may cause an airway obstruction.
D) Tight-fitting dentures should be left in place because they facilitate the delivery of adequate tidal volume.
D) Tight-fitting dentures should be left in place because they facilitate the delivery of adequate tidal volume.
Which of the following is a sign of an inadequate airway?
A. regular chest movement
B. weak radial pulse
C. nasal flaring
D. equal rise and fall of the chest
C. nasal flaring
A young female experienced massive facial trauma and is unresponsive. After several attempts, you are unable to adequately open her airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver. You should:
A) carefully tilt her head back and lift up on her chin.
B) insert a nasopharyngeal airway and apply oxygen.
C) apply oxygen and reattempt the jaw-thrust maneuver.
D) assist her ventilations with a bag-valve-mask device.
A) carefully tilt her head back and lift up on her chin.
*your pt. needs an air! The jaw-thrust isn't working. and if the airway isn't open, no matter how you decide to give O2, it will not get anywhere*
Occasional, irregular breaths that may be observed in a cardiac arrest patient are called:
A. Biot respirations.
B. agonal gasps.
C. ataxic respirations.
D. Cheyne-Stokes respirations.
B. agonal gasps.
You are ventilating an apneic 50-year-old woman with a bag-valve-mask device. After squeezing the bag and noting visible chest rise, you should:
A. squeeze the bag again in 3 seconds.
B. suction the airway for up to 15 seconds.
C. reopen the airway and ventilate again.
D. allow the patient to completely exhale.
D. allow the patient to completely exhale.
You are assessing an unresponsive patient who overdosed on a narcotic pain medication. Given the situation, what is the greatest concern regarding potential airway occlusion?
A) Spasm of the epiglottis
B) Swelling of the carina
C) Collapse of the bronchi
D) relaxation of the tongue
D) relaxation of the tongue
Sonorous respirations are MOST rapidly corrected by:
A. suctioning the oropharynx.
B. bag-valve-mask ventilation.
C. manually positioning the head.
D. inserting an oropharyngeal airway.
C. manually positioning the head.
When attaching an oxygen regulator to a D cylinder and preparing it for use, you should recall that:
A) the cylinder must remain in a standing position at all times or it will not deliver any oxygen.
B) oxygen supports combustion and should not be used where sparks are easily generated.
C) a pressure-compensated flowmeter should be used when laying the oxygen cylinder down.
D) the cylinder should be taken out of service and refilled when it contains less than 750 psi.
B) oxygen supports combustion and should not be used where sparks are easily generated.
The MOST appropriate treatment for a semiconscious patient with slow, shallow respirations includes:
A) a nasopharyngeal airway and assisted ventilation with a bag-valve-mask device.
B) an oropharyngeal airway and high-flow oxygen via a non-rebreathing mask.
C) a nasopharyngeal airway and high-flow oxygen via a non-rebreathing mask.
D) an oropharyngeal airway and assisted ventilation with a bag-valve-mask device.
A) a nasopharyngeal airway and assisted ventilation with a bag-valve-mask device.
Which of the following patients obviously needs positive-pressure ventilation assistance?
A. Combative; respiratory rate of 24 breaths/min and deep
B. Semiconscious; respiratory rate of 14 breaths/min and good chest rise
C. Restless; respiratory rate of 12 breaths/min with adequate tidal volume
D. Responsive to pain only; respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min and shallow
D. Responsive to pain only; respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min and shallow
An elderly man is found lying unresponsive next to his bed. The patient's wife did not witness the events that led to his unresponsiveness. You should immediately:
A. assess the patient's respirations.
B. apply 100% supplemental oxygen.
C. tilt the head back and lift up the chin.
D. grasp the angles of the lower jaw and lift.
D. grasp the angles of the lower jaw and lift.
An elderly woman with COPD is semiconscious with labored breathing. Her face is cyanotic, her pulse is rapid and weak, and her oxygen saturation is 75%. You should:
A. avoid high-flow oxygen because this may cause her to stop breathing.
B. apply oxygen via nasal cannula and reassess her respiratory status.
C. insert a nasal airway and give her oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask.
D. ventilate her with a bag-valve-mask device and high-flow oxygen
D. ventilate her with a bag-valve-mask device and high-flow oxygen
When does a patient go from respiratory distress to respiratory failure?
A. When the respiratory challenge continues and results in the body system unable to keep up. The skin color and mental status will get worse.
B. when compensation is no longer needed and the patient stops breathing
C. When a patient goes from being in the tripod position with noisy respirations to breathing adequately
D. I should have studied.
A. When the respiratory challenge continues and results in the body system unable to keep up. The skin color and mental status will get worse.
During your assessment of a trauma patient, you note massive facial injuries, weak radial pulses, and clammy skin. What should be your MOST immediate concern?
A. Potential obstruction of the airway
B. Internal bleeding and severe shock
C. Applying 100% supplemental oxygen
D. Providing rapid transport to a trauma center
A. Potential obstruction of the airway
*must manage ABCs first*
You have a patient breathing 9 shallow breaths per minute due to overdosing, but he has a palpable radial pulse. He vomited before you arrived and is choking. You should:
A. roll him onto his side to clear the airway
B. insert an OPA and ventilate
C. take the patient to the ambulance and suction
D. perform abdominal thrusts
A. roll him onto his side to clear the airway
You are assessing a middle-aged male who is experiencing respiratory distress. The patient has a history of emphysema and hypertension. He appears fatigued; has weak retractions; and demonstrates labored, shallow breathing. Your MOST immediate action should be to:
A. administer oxygen with a non-rebreathing mask.
B. auscultate his breath sounds to detect wheezing.
C. ventilate him with a bag-valve-mask device.
D. assess his oxygen saturation with a pulse oximeter.
C. ventilate him with a bag-valve-mask device.
An unresponsive patient's respirations are 28 breaths/min and shallow. The MOST appropriate treatment includes:
A. a nasal cannula set at 2 to 6 L/min.
B. assisted ventilations with 100% oxygen.
C. a simple face mask set at 10 to 12 L/min.
D. a non-rebreathing mask set at 15 L/min.
B. assisted ventilations with 100% oxygen.