When balance is achieved without mirroring, using different elements with equal visual weight, it is this type.
What is asymmetrical balance?
When all elements radiate outward from a central point, this type of balance is achieved.
What is radial balance?
Repeating shapes, lines, or colors across a composition creates this visual effect.
What is a pattern?
The Pyramid of Khafre is an example of this form, controlled by planes that articulate the four sides.
What is a geometric form

Michelangelo, Head of a Satyr, c. 1520–30. Pen and ink on paper
The drawing techniques pictured here build shading using tightly spaced parallel lines and a different variant where the parallel lines overlab
What are hatching and cross-hatching?
The range from light to dark in an artwork is known as this element.
What is value?
Form, volume, mass, and texture are key visual elements that define artworks which exist in real space and can be experienced from multiple angles.
What is 3-Dimensional (3-D)?
This is the amount of space occupied by an object.
What is volume?
Artists use this method to create the illusion of three-dimensional space by having lines recede and meet at a point along the horizon.
What is linear perspective?

Caravaggio, The Calling of St. Matthew, c.1599-1600. Oil on canvas
This term describes the dramatic use of light and shadow to model form.
What is chiaroscuro?
When both sides of an artwork mirror each other perfectly, this type of balance is used.
What is symmetrical balance?
Two-dimensional images have an impled version of this where the artist effectively reminds us of a tactile memory of this element.
What is texture
This kind of sculpture is made so that the viewer can view at keast two sides and experience it as life size
what is freestanding
This principle requires at least two visual points to create a sense of movement, can appear as evenly spaced repetition, and is not limited to any single medium.
What is rhythm?

Sauerkids, The Devil Made Me Do It, 2006. Digital image
Unlike an actual line, this type of line is not drawn but is created by the viewer’s eye as it connects points within a composition, like seen in this example.
What is an implied line?

Katsushika Hokusai, “The Great Wave off Shore at Kanagawa,” from Thirty-Six Views of Mount Fuji, 1826-33 (printed later). Print, color woodcut.
In The Great Wave off Kanagawa, Hokusai organizes dramatic, potentially chaotic elements into a cohesive composition by using this principle of art.
What is compositional unity
When an artist creates a flat, enclosed area like a circle or square, they are using this element.
What is a shape?
Sculptures and objects that you can walk around and experience in real space fall into this category.
What are three-dimensional works of art?
If a road seems to disappear into the distance at a single point, this system is being used.
What is linear perspective?

Limestone stela with Mayan glyphs, Pusilhà, Belize, c. 600–800 CE. Limestone
A stela with Mayan glyphs provides an example of this form of sculpture that comes from the French word for low.
What is bas-relief?
The term for the materials used to create an artwork, such as oil paint or marble, is known as this.
What is the medium?
This principle introduces visual diversity by combining different ideas, materials, or elements within a single composition.
What is variety?
This type of perspective relies on more than one vanishing point to depict complex spatial scenes.
What is multi-point perspective?
When an arm or object is drawn shortened to look like it’s coming toward you, this technique is at work.
What is foreshortening?

Nicolas Poussin, The Funeral of Phocion, 1648. Oil on canvas
When distant objects appear hazy and less detailed due to air, this technique is being used.
What is atmospheric perspective?