Muscles of Respiration Francesca Bello
Primary muscle of inspiration that contracts and flattens to increase thoracic volume.
What is the diaphragm?
This structure is known as the windpipe and carries air to the lungs.
What is the trachea?
This term refers to the amount of air inhaled and exhaled during quiet breathing, typically around 500 mL.
What is tidal volume?
This is the main muscle used for breathing in.
What is the diaphragm?
How breath works in speech
What is to produce controlled, long-lasting subglottal pressure for phonation?
Muscles located between the ribs that help elevate the rib cage during inspiration.
What are the external intercostal muscles?
These are the two tubes that branch off from the trachea and lead into the lungs.
What are the bronchi?
During inspiration, alveolar pressure becomes slightly this, allowing air to enter the lungs.
What is negative?
These muscles are located between the ribs and help expand the chest during inhalation.
What are the external intercostal muscles?
What is greater precision in respiratory control?
Speech requires this compared to quiet breathing because airflow and pressure must be finely regulated to control loudness, pitch, and prosody.
Neck muscles that act as accessory inspiratory muscles during labored breathing by elevating the sternum and upper ribs.
What are the sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles?
These are the two tubes that branch off from the trachea and lead into the lungs.
What are the bronchi?
These muscles are primarily active during quiet inspiration.
What are the diaphragm and external intercostals?
This double-layered membrane surrounds the lungs and helps them move smoothly during breathing.
What is the pleura?
Typical conversational speech requires alveolar pressure in this range.
What is about +5 to +10 cm H₂O?
Muscles that are not typically used during quiet breathing but become active during speech and heavy breathing.
What are accessory muscles of respiration?
This flap closes over the airway when you swallow to keep food out of the lungs.
What is the epiglottis?
This graph shows passive recoil forces at different lung volumes and indicates whether the respiratory system naturally pushes air out or draws air in.
What is the relaxation pressure curve?
During inhalation, the chest wall moves in this direction to allow more air into the lungs.
What is upward and outward?
This process involves controlled braking of passive recoil at high lung volumes to prevent excessive airflow and maintain steady pressure during speech.
What is inspiratory checking?
Muscle group that includes rectus abdominis, internal oblique, external oblique, and transversus abdominis.
What are the abdominal wall muscles?
These small airways connect the bronchi to the alveoli.
What are bronchioles?
These structures alter lung volume more than abdominal positions because they cover most of the lung surface and directly change thoracic volume
What is the rib cage?
These bones make up the majority of the chest wall and help protect the heart and lungs.
What are the ribs?
During speech breathing, these structures contribute differently: one provides fine-tuned pressure control through its influence on lung volume, while the other stabilizes the diaphragm and supports expiratory airflow.
What are the rib cage and abdominal wall?