ATOMIC PARTICLES
How many total atoms are in C6H12O6?
24
What do we call one of several forms of an element, containing the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons?
An isotope
What do we call carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides?
Polysaccharides
Does an enzyme raise, or lower, the activation energy of a reaction?
It lowers it, thus
How do animals store most of their extra food energy?
The vast majority of an atom's properties is determined by the number of ________ it has.
Electrons
What is an element?
A collection of atoms that all have the same number of protons. Pure substances.
What do we call simple sugars that are building blocks of more complex carbohydrates.
Monosaccharides
What determines the properties of a protein? (3 aspects)
Type, number, AND order of its amino acids
Lipids do not dissolve in water because they are _________. What does this mean?
Hydrophobic: lacking any affinity to water (water-fearing)
Which atomic particle has a positive charge? Which has a negative charge?
Proton.
Electron.
Name three common biologically important elements
Carbon
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Sulfur
Phosphorus
In this reaction, molecules combine to form a more complex molecule, but a molecule of water is removed from the reaction
Dehydration
What do we call the reactant that an enzyme acts on?
Substrate
What is a lipid made of fatty acids that have no double bonds between the carbon atoms?
Saturated fat.
If two atoms have the same number of NEUTRONS but different numbers of PROTONS do they belong to the same element?
No - the different number of protons defines a unique element.
Within an element all atoms must have the same number of ______ but can have different numbers of ______, thus contributing to different mass.
Protons
Neutrons
What is glycogen?
A polysaccharide consisting of many glucose molecules (stored in animals).
Enzymes are a class of proteins that act as _______ for chemical reactions.
Catalysts.
Which has fewer hydrogens: a saturated fat or an unsaturated fat?
Unsaturated fat.
When an atom loses an electron, what happens to its charge (does it become positively, negatively, or neutrally charged?)
It becomes a positively charged ion.
How do we calculate the atomic mass?
Add up the number of protons and neutrons.
What is the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in carbohydrates?
2:1
(H to O ratio is like H2O)
Amino acids link with ____________________ reactions, and the bond is called a ____________ bond
Dehydration; peptide
Chemically, what is a lipid? (include the "ingredients" and how they're linked)
3 fatty acids + glycerol linked in dehydration rx