SQUEEZE THE BAG
Achieving adequate tidal volume is hardest when this many rescuers are running the bag-mask.
What is one?
CPAP is indicated for an alert patient in pulmonary edema who can still do this
What is follow verbal commands?
Keep flames and sparks far from a cylinder because oxygen does this — making any fire burn hotter and faster.
What is support combustion?
A normal pulse oximetry reading is this percentage or greater.
What is 94%?
A conscious, choking adult who is coughing forcefully — your best action.
What is encourage him to keep coughing?
In a pediatric patient, cyanosis is this kind of sign of hypoxia — early or late.
What is a late sign?
This is the preferred number of rescuers to ventilate a patient with a bag-mask device.
What is two?
CPAP raises pressure in the lungs and reopens these collapsed structures.
What are the alveoli?
The system of holes and pins that ensures the correct regulator mates to an oxygen cylinder.
What is the pin-indexing system?
Capnography measures the level of this gas that the patient exhales.
What is carbon dioxide?
A conscious adult who cannot cough and is turning cyanotic receives these.
What are back blows and abdominal thrusts?
The early signs of hypoxia in a child, before cyanosis sets in.
What are tachycardia, anxiety, and restlessness?
Ventilating too fast or too forcefully can drop blood pressure by cutting this return of blood to the heart.
What is venous return (preload)?
Beyond reopening the alveoli, CPAP eases this for the patient — the effort of moving air.
What is the work of breathing?
The very first step in placing a cylinder into service, before the regulator goes on.
What is crack the valve?
Two things besides low blood oxygen that can throw off a pulse oximetry reading.
What are carbon monoxide and altitude?
A head-trauma patient with agonal gasps and bloody secretions — alternate these two actions.
What are suctioning and bag-mask ventilation?
A good pediatric candidate for an oropharyngeal airway is unconscious and in this state.
What is respiratory failure (needing bag-mask ventilation)?
Ventilate at the right rate, keep good airway position, and deliver just enough volume to see this.
What is the chest rise?
CPAP is contraindicated in a patient who is this and cannot protect their own airway.
What is unresponsive (unconscious)?
The device that reduces high cylinder pressure to a safe, usable range.
What is the pressure regulator?
The single best tool to confirm correct placement of an advanced airway.
What is (waveform) capnography?
An uconscious patient with vomitus on the face and slow, shallow breathing — do this immediately after opening the airway.
What is suction the airway?
Compared with an adult, a child's airway is narrower and this structure is proportionally larger.
What is the tongue?
A critically injured, apneic patient you cannot ventilate after repositioning the mask — your next move.
What is insert an oropharyngeal airway and reattempt?
This backup of fluid into the lungs from heart failure is the classic field condition CPAP treats.
What is CHF (congestive heart failure)?
Always secure a cylinder so a sheared-off valve stem can't turn the tank into this.
What is a projectile (a rocket)?
The normal capnography range, in mm Hg.
What is 35 to 45?
When a paramedic performs an intubation, the EMT should be prepared with this device if the airway attempt fails.
What is a back up airway (I-gel/BVM)?
When ventilating a child, deliver only enough volume to see this and avoid gastric distention.
What is chest rise?