DNA
Characteristics
Characteristics
What is the basic building block of DNA?
Nucleotide
What part of the cell does DNA replication take place in? What part of the cell cycle does this occur?
Nucleus; S phase in interphase before mitosis
Which part of the cell does transcription occur and define transcripton.
In the nucleus, DNA acts as a template to make mRNA.
Where is protein assembled in the cell?
Ribosomes
What is the difference between a point mutation and a frameshift mutation?
Point mutation has a change at only 1 nucleotide, frameshift has an nucleotide inserted or deleted that shifts the entire sequence of codons
Where in the eukaryotic cell is DNA found?
Nucleus
What direction does DNA polymerase grow a new strand of DNA by adding nucleotides?
5' to 3'
What is the function of the RNA polymerase?
To make a new strand of RNA from a template DNA.
What is the relationship between DNA an protein in the cell?
DNA gets transcribed into mRNA, then mRNA gets translated into protein
How can a point mutation have little or not effect on a phenotype?
1. Mutation is in a non-coding (intron) region
2. Change in amino acid is similar to the one already present.
3. new codon can make the same amino acid
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases found in DNA?
Adenine, Thyamine, Guanine, and Cytosine
What is the difference between the leading strand of DNA and the lagging strand of DNA that are being made by DNA polymerase?
The leading strand is one long stretch of DNA that gets made. The lagging strand has short fragments of DNA that keep getting made from primers.
How is RNA different than DNA?
single stranded, U replaces T, and it has a ribose sugar instead of a deoxyribose sugar.
Determine the amino acid sequence using the genetic code chart for the codon, AGU?
Serine
How can a mutation change the phenotype?
1. Break the gene by changing the coding region so that protein no longer works.
2. Change the non-coding region so that the gene is not regulated properly
How do the bases hold the 2 strands of DNA together? Which base binds to which base?
Hydrogen bonds form, A bonds with T, and G bonds with C
What is semiconservative replication?
2 copies of double stranded DNA are produced; each contain one old strand and one newly made strand
What is the difference between mRNA and tRNA?
mRNA is messenger RNA that is used in transcription, tRNA is transfer RNA that gets used in translation
Determine the mRNA strand based on the following DNA strand below:
TAC TTT GCA GGA
AUG AAA CGU CCU
How does a promoter help gene regulation?
A promoter tells RNA polymerase where to bind to start transcription.
What part of DNA is labeled with a 5' or 3' carbon?
Deoxyribose
What is the job of the topoisomerase?
keeps the DNA from supercoiling
Where are codons and anticodons found?
codons are found on mRAN
anticodons are found in tRNA
Determine the DNA strand based on the mRNA strand?
AUG UUU UGU CCC
TAC AAA ACA GGG
What is an operator?
Region of DNA that helps other regulatory proteins to bind and control transcription