Building Blocks
A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
What is a chromosome?
The genetic markers are very common in genomic DNA but usually only have 2 alleles.
What are single nucleotide polymorphisms or SNPs?
This is the process of converting information stored in DNA to RNA.
What is transcription?
Evidence of this can be demonstrated by the fact that two random humans differ at around 20,000,000 DNA bases.
What is polymorphism?
This has been the major factor in the improvement of production in poultry since the 1950s.
What is Genetics?
Thymine with Adenine and Guanine with Cytosine are examples of this relationship.
What is complementary base pairs?
These genetic markers often have many alleles and are thought to arise from errors in DNA replication.
What are Short Tandem Repeats?
In eukaryotes, these segments of genes are removed from the primary transcript to form the mature mRNA, which is ready for translation.
What are introns?
These are genes that a significant effect on a quantitative trait phenotype.
What is a major gene?
This is the primary driver for selection decisions in animal agriculture?
What is Economics or Money?
In general, DNA stores the genetic information in a cell, these are the molecules that do the work in the cell.
What are proteins?
The tendency of DNA sequences that are close together on a chromosome to be inherited together during the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction.
What is linkage.
An effector of transcription that lies adjacent to a gene is this kind of regulatory element?
What is a Cis-regulator?
The changes to a gene by variants that change the amino acid sequence of the protein produced.
What are structural changes?
Arrange these from LARGEST to SMALLEST Nucleotide, Chromosome, Cell, DNA, Nucleus
What is Cell, Nucleus, Chromosome, DNA, Nucleotide?
This structure is unique to DNA, not in RNA.
What is double stranded?
This is a region of the genome that is associated with a specific quantitative trait, as detected by genetic marker/trait association and statistics.
What is a QTL, Quantitative Trait Locus?
The assembly of amino acids into a polypeptide using the information encoded in the RNA
What is Translation?
The gene where a natural variant results in the double muscle phenotype observed in Belgian Blue cattle and the Bully Whippet.
What is myostatin?
For example, when we insert a foreign gene into another host organism.
What is genetic engineering?
The characteristic of RNA makes it less stable than DNA and prone to degradation.
What is the 2' OH group?
The type of gene that lies in a region of a chromosome where a QTL for a trait has been detected.
What is a positional candidate gene?
What travels from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, is responsible for the production of proteins, and is created from a double stranded template
What is mRNA?
These quantitative trait alleles have such a large effect on the phenotype, you might think that they follow the rules developed by a monk.
What are Mendelizing alleles?
This is the process wherby animals that are better suited for their environment have a higher chance to survive and produce more offspring than less adapted animals.
What is Natural Selection?