WHAT THE CODON
Where can you find the anticodon located?
What is tRNA?
DNA --> RNA --> protein
What is the Central Dogma? (also accept transcription and translation)
on a deoxyribose nucleotide, which carbon does the phosphate attach to?
What is the 5th (5 prime) carbon?
Which type of gene mutation occurs when a base insertion or deletion alters the reading frame of every subsequent triplet codon during translation?
What is a frameshift Mutation?
DNA fragments separate during electrophoresis because of?
What is PCR?
What are the 3 sites of a ribosome that help translation occur?
What is the EPA regions?
Carries instructions for making a protein to a ribosome
What is mRNA?
Restriction enzymes are used to do what?
What is cut DNA segments?
How do germline mutations differ fundamentally from somatic mutations regarding evolutionary impact on a population?
What is germline mutations are inheritable?
What is the general term for environmental agents—such as UV radiation, X-rays, or toxic chemicals—that cause mutations in DNA?
What are Mutagens?
During eukaryotic DNA replication, which enzyme synthesizes short RNA primers required to initiate strand extension by DNA polymerase?
What is DNA Primase?
Region of a gene that gets spliced out of mRNA
What is an intron?
Proteins that bind to DNA, or DNA-associated proteins, and increase or decrease expression of a gene
transcription factors
What are the two causes for mutations to occur?
A single base substitution mutation in the gene for hemoglobin changes a single amino acid, causing red blood cells to change from a round shape into what distinct shape?
What is a sickle shape?
What is the mRNA codon that codes for Methionine?
What is AUG?
This is the type of bond that connects new base pairs together.
What are hydrogen bonds?
Name 3 ways in which different DNA chromosomes can be distinguished?
What is banding pattern, centromere, and size?
Name the type of mutation that occurs when a random base is changed and causes a premature stop codon to form.
What is a Nonsense mutation?
According to cell theory, what basic structural unit is considered the smallest, fundamental unit of all living organisms?
What is a Cell?
What is the name of the strand that acts as a template for RNA transcription?
What is the Antisense Strand?
The region of of DNA where transcription starts
What is promoter?
Name the MAIN enzyme responsible for adding new nucleotides onto a DNA sequence.
What is DNA Polymerase III?
What are single nucleotide mutations that impact more than 1% of a population? (Full Name ONLY)
What is a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism?
What are the complementary base pairs between RNA and DNA?
What are A-U and C-G?