Nucleic Acids
The rectangle in a nucleic acid diagram
What is the nitrogenous base?
The term for lock-and-key matching of nitrogenous bases
What is complementary base-pairing?
The process that produces mRNA
What is transcription?
An environmental cause for mutation
What is a mutagen?
A molecule that causes the difference between an individual's genome and transcriptome
What is an epigenetic tag?
The nitrogenous base found in RNA that replaces thymine
What is uracil?
A temporary RNA sequence that Polymerase I removes.
What is an Okazaki fragment?
The molecule that scavenges for amino acids
What is tRNA?
The consequence of somatic mutations that lead to uncontrolled cell division
What is cancer
The part of the nucleic acid that nucleosomes disassemble
What is the poly-a-tail?
The direction in which a nucleic acid strand is read, written, and synthesized
What is 5' to 3' directionality?
The process where polymerase III replaces any nucleotide from the 3' terminal with a mismatched base
What is DNA proofreading?
Proteins that regulate the production of mRNA
What are transcription factors?
The consequence of a deletion or insertion in a DNA sequence
What is a frameshift mutation?
A pair of people whose phenotypes diverge as they age
What is a monozygotic twin?
The experiment that demonstrated that DNA, rather than protein, is genetic material of life.
What is the Hershey-Chase experiment?
The unwinding and breaking of hydrogen bonds between DNA strands.
What is the role of DNA Helicase?
The Pac-Man of the amino acid chains
What is a proteasome?
A technique to investigate the function of a gene
What is gene knockout
The process where a fertilized egg divides and progressively specialises into an organism
What is epigenesis?
A DNA molecule wrapped around a core of eight histone proteins held together by an additional histone protein attached to linker DNA
What is a nucleosome?
The enzyme responsible for the extension phase of the PCR
What is Taq polymerase?
The precursor in the insulin processing pathway that has a signal sequence
What is pre-proinsulin?
The term for a DNA sequence that is identical across multiple species over long periods of evolution
What is highly conserved?
The epigenetic process that can either activate or repress gene expression when occurring in histones
What is methylation?