1
In generation 1 of semiconservative replication, how many bands appear in a beaker and what stage are/is they/it in? (light, heavy,intermediate)
1 band intermediate
In generation 1 of conservative replication, how many bands appear in a beaker and what stage are/is they/it in? (light, heavy,intermediate)
2, one light one heavy
What direction does the template strand run?
3' to 5'
what direction does the complimentary strand run?
5' to 3'
When does replication occurs?
In interphase before mitosis and meiosis
Where does DNA occur in Eukaryotic cells?
The nucleus
What direction do DNA polymerase build the new strand in?
5' to 3'
Define gyrase and its Function in replication
relives tension from the unwinding helix
Define Helicase and its function in replication
Breaks the hydrogen bonds that hold the two strands together
Define SSBA (single stranded binding proteins) and its Function in replication
anneal to the strands to prevent them from reannealing (or coming back together)
Define primase and its Function in replication
Puts down RNA primers so polymerase knows where to start building the new complimentary strand
Define continuous DNA in regards to DNA polymerase III
Creates a new strand in the 5' to 3' direction by attaching to the exposes 3' end of the replication fork
Builds a complimentary LEADING strand
Define Leading strand
A complimentary strand that is built to more towards the replication fork
Define Discontinuous DNA in regards to DNA polymerase III
Occurs at the 5' end and movies in the opposite direction of the replication fork creating the lagging strand ( making Okazaki fragments - little segments of DNA that have gaps between them)
what's the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA codes for mRNA (transcription), mRNA codes for proteins (translation) protein codes for nothing!
Describe the initiation stage of TRANSCRIPTION
RNA polymerase binds to the promoter site at the begging of the gene
Describe the Elongation stage of TRANSCRIPTION
RNA polymerase puts together the right nucleotides to build the mRNA
Describe the termination stage of TRANSCRIPTION
RNA polymerase goes to the end of the gene and once it recognizes a stop signal the mRNA is released from the DNA
Describe the initiation stage of TRANSLATION
ribosomes bind to the mRNA
Describe the Elongation stage of TRANSLATION
Ribosomes read the mRNA codons
tRNA then finds the right amino acids causing the polypeptide to be elongated
Describe the Termination stage of TRANSLATION
Happens when a stop codon occurs
ribosomes fall off and polypeptides are released
What protects the mRNA from digestion and degradation?
Capping and tailing
Exons
contains codes needed to form peptide formation
Introns
not needed for peptide formation and are excluded before mRNA leave the nucleus
what is the name of the relationship between different polypeptide bonds that have proteins coded by separate genes
one gene - one polypeptide hypothesis