Motivated Stereotyping of Women

Study 1

100

When criticized, people often attempt to salvage their _________ by invalidating the criticism.

self-esteem

200

How did they gather their participants and what was used to evaluate the participants in this particular study?

Approached at various places on campus and asked to fill out a course evaluation questionnaire.

300

Due to eliminating factors many of the surveys conducted had to be left out. Of the 722 surveys how many surveys were left for evaluation?

What is 570 course evaluations

400

What is the hypothesis of this study?

Women will be judged by their students as less competent than men when they provide negative feedback but not when they provide positive feedback.

500

What were the results of the study?

Females instructors are rated more negatively than are male instructors after providing low grades but not after providing high grades.

Study 2

100

What was a major difference between Study 1 and Study 2

Study 2 assessed participants' satisfaction with their performance itself, whereas Study 1 assess their satisfaction with the evaluation they had received for this performance, their grade.

200

Why did this study only include male participants?

Because the feedback mentioned the participants gender and the researchers would have been required to create separate feedback videotapes for male and female participants. Also it would be impossible to determine whether any obtained differences between male and female participants were due to participants gender or to subtle unintended differences in the delivery of the feedback to men and women.

300

What was the hypothesis of this study?

That the woman manager would be rated as less skilled than the man after providing a negative evaluation but not after providing a positive evaluation

400

Describe the procedures of this study?

Participants were told that they would be asked to respond to an interpersonal skills questionnaire by speaking into a tape recorder. A manager-in-training sitting in another room would supposedly be listening to their responses over an intercom and would provide a brief evaluation of their skills. They watched a generic recording of the manager giving their evaluation over a closed-circuit TV.

500

What were the results to this study?

The feedback-dependent evaluation was greater for female than for male managers; female managers were rated lower than were male managers only after providing negative feedback. Participants criticized by a woman were not quite as dissatisfied with their performance as were participants criticized by a man.

Study 3

100

What university were the participants gathered from?

University of Waterloo

200

How were the participants chosen for this study?

Participants were recruited from study 2

300

What is the hypothesis of this study?

There will be no interaction between the positivity of the feedback and the managers gender because of the lack of self protective motives

400

What were the general procedures to this study?

Participants from study 2 observed someone else receive a positive/negative evaluation from a male/female manager. They rated the manager and rated the respondents' interpersonal and leadership skills.

500

What were the findings to this particular study?

Male and female evaluators were given comparable rating when providing negative feedback as well as when providing positive feedback. Observers evaluation was not dependent of managers feedback or gender. Positive feedback observers rated the respondents more highly than did negative feedback observers, which suggest that observer’s judgments were influenced by the manager’s given feedback.