Motivation and Emotion Exam 2

Nonverbal Communication

100

Which of the following types of motivation is the most INTERNALLY based?

a. external regulation
b. introjected regulation
c. integrated regulation
d. cognitive regulation

c. integrated regulation

200

A self-adaptor is

a. emotional, in that it conveys emotion to others.
b. conscious, in that people are always aware of this type of behavior.
c. a behavior that lacks seeming intentions, and which may occur merely to release nervous energy.
d. all of the above are true of self-adaptors.

c. a behavior that lacks seeming intentions, and which may occur merely to release nervous energy.

300

According to Charles Darwin, emotional expressions can be explained by way of three principles, including the principle of antithesis which holds that

a. expressive behaviors that helped individuals survive in the past will be more likely to reoccur in the future as compared to expressive behaviors that threatened an individual’s well-being in past situations.
b. opposing emotional states will be associated with opposing emotional expressions.
c. the more stressed an individual, the more likely they are to release undirected energy through random expressions.
d. the size of the familial group determines the level of competition between individuals as well as the intensity of the emotional expressions that develop in the offspring within that group.

b. opposing emotional states will be associated with opposing emotional expressions.

400

The encoding hypothesis implies that
a. feeling happiness inspires smiling in every culture.
b. receiving a gift inspires happiness in every culture.
c. facial expressions of emotion are culturally specific.
d. people of different cultures will interpret a smile in the same way.

a. feeling happiness inspires smiling in every culture.

500

A participant is seated in an experimental chamber. A horn is sounded and the participant is given a mild electric shock through a metal plate on the armrest of the chair. After several trials, the horn is sounded without the electric shock given and the participant removes their hand.

In this situation name the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned stimulus.
a. the horn; the shock
b. the shock; the horn
c. the horn; pain
d. pain; the shock

b. the shock; the horn

Physiology and the Brain

100

The two factors in Schachter and Singer’s (1962) two-factor theory are

a. nature and nurture.
b. arousal and construal.
c. instinct and acquired drive.
d. emotion and action.

b. arousal and construal.

200

Restorative processes are driven by the _______________ branch of the autonomic nervous system.

a. sympathetic
b. parasympathetic
c. central

b. parasympathetic

300

Cannon criticized James’s autonomic specificity on the following grounds:

a. Physiological states are more vivid than emotional experiences; therefore the autonomic thesis overestimates the intensity of emotions.
b. Emotional and nonemotional states are marked by distinctly different physiological patterns; therefore the autonomic thesis fails to explain transitions between neutral and emotional moods.
c. Autonomic responses are too slow to account for the rapidity with which we experience emotion or move from one emotion to another.
d. People are very sensitive to changes within their bodies which leads them to misconstrue bodily for genuine emotional experiences.

c. Autonomic responses are too slow to account for the rapidity with which we experience emotion or move from one emotion to another.

400

According to Drive Theory, the "conscious psychological manifestation of an unconscious physical need" is the _________ .

a. need
b. output
c. drive
d. homeostasis

c. drive

500

Damasio (1994) proposed the somatic marker hypothesis, a thesis that is supported by which of the following reported findings related to patients with damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex?

a. These patients show extremely pronounced responses to emotional stimuli.
b. These patients are emotionally volatile but their judgment is unaffected.
c. These patients possess an emotional deficit such that they are relatively unresponsive to emotional stimuli.
d. These patients are likely to make safe (non-risky) choices during the Iowa Gambling Task but also show a heightened sympathetic system response when making such safe choices.

c. These patients possess an emotional deficit such that they are relatively unresponsive to emotional stimuli.

Implicit Motives

100

Affiliation needs have two facets. They are:

a. need for approval; need for intimacy
b. need for approval; need for growth
c. need for pleasure;need for intimacy
d. need for growth; need for pleasure

a. need for approval; need for intimacy

200

Which of the following is NOT a feature of implicit motives?

a. cannot be measured explicitly
b. better predictors of behavior
c. easily quantifiable to the person
d. developed over time

c. easily quantifiable to the person

300

Which of the following aspects is not accounted for in the full model Atkinson's Model of Motivation (both approach and avoidance motivation together)?

a. probability of achievement
b. experience with domain
c. incentive
d. strength of need

b. experience with domain

400

Someone who is HIGH in ACHIEVEMENT motivation usually has _______ goal attainment thoughts and uses an _______ approach to achieve goals.

a. positive; active
b. positive; passive
c. negative; active
d. negative; passive

a. positive; active

500

Which of the following is not part of the Leadership Motivation Pattern that will make for a good leader?

a. high need for power
b. low need for affiliation
c. high inhibition
d. high need for affiliation

d. high need for affiliation

Appraisal Theories

100

Secondary appraisal is

a. a form of evaluation in which events are more deeply examined.
b. automatic.
c. evaluated in terms of positive and negative.
d. both a & b.

a. a form of evaluation in which events are more deeply examined.

200

What is a "core relational theme" of an emotion?

a. the essential meaning and natural acts associated with an emotion
b. the exact facial expressions associated with the emotion
c. the general theme of whether the emotion is positive or negative
d. the pattern of responses on different dimensions in a dimensional appraisal theory

a. the essential meaning and natural acts associated with an emotion

300

Research on primary appraisals of good and bad qualities of an event raises an intriguing question: which is stronger, good or bad? Reviews by Cacioppo and Gardner (1999), Baumeister et al. (2001), and Rozin and Royzman (2001) offer the following answer:
a. negative and positive evaluations are equally potent.
b. negative evaluations are more potent than positive evaluations.
c. positive evaluations are more potent than negative evaluations.
d. at this time it is not possible to come to a conclusive answer and more research is necessary.

b. negative evaluations are more potent than positive evaluations.

400

Jess analyzes emotions as a function of tracking her bodily reactions and changes. She thinks about how she feels physically and then decides on what emotion she feels. Jess is using a ______________ approach to analyzing her emotions.

a. bottom up approach
b. top-down approach
c. modulating approach
d. integrated approach

a. bottom up approach

500

Which of the following is NOT a critique of appraisal theories?

a. content of appraisals
b. how appraisals are processed
c. categorical versus dimensional types of emotional responses
d. ability to account for similarities and differences between emotions

d. ability to account for similarities and differences between emotions

Past Topics

100

Cultural display rules can lead people to

a. entirely camouflage an emotional experience by feigning a neutral facial expression.
b. intensify their emotional expression.
c. express emotions in public that differ from spontaneous emotional expressions made in private.
d. all of the above.

d. all of the above

200

Working from the assumption that genes need the body of a plant or animal to contain them and enable them to reproduce, emotions play what role in animals?

a. Emotions help to ensure that genes will be protected and reproduced.
b. Emotions make us selfish and discourage altruistic actions that could compromise our genes.
c. Genes program our emotions so that all our actions are reflex-driven and none of our actions derive from attractions and urges that our culture can modify.
d. all of the above

a. Emotions help to ensure that genes will be protected and reproduced.

300

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways that our possible selves lead us towards goal completion?

a. enhancing effort
b. increasing persistence
c. increasing strategic planning
d. increasing self confidence

d. increasing self confidence

400

Charles Darwin asked two broad questions that still guide emotion researchers today. These questions included:

a. How are emotions expressed in humans and other animals?
b. What would happen if we did not have emotions?
c. How can we cultivate emotions in our relationships, and through the life course?
d. How are emotions different in different cultures?

a. How are emotions expressed in humans and other animals?

500

True or false: More motivation is always better.

a. true
b. false

b. false