Upper Sonography
What does LAX and SAX mean?
LAX- Long axis
SAX- Short axis
What is the major benefit of using sonography for MSK?
It is a dynamic examination- you are able to move the joints and examine in real time
What does connects muscle to bone?
A tendon
What is a common sign that is seen with a tear of the supraspinatus tendon?
The "geyser" sign
What is the most common pathology of the knee?
A Baker's cyst
True or False: a transducer of 5MHz or less should be used for joint sonography
False
When the plantar fascia exceeds ___ mm it is considered plantar fasciitis
5
A short axis (SAX) nerve bundle has what appearance?
The honeycomb appearance
True or False: The biceps tendon has a tendon sheath
False
What joint is most commonly injured?
The ankle
What is the sonographic appearance of the biceps tendon in SAX?
Hyperechoic oval shaped
How does the periosteum present sonographically?
a bright echogenic line that runs parallel to the cortex of the bone
The dermis
The golfer elbow effects flexor or extensor tendons?
Flexor tendons
What type of knee injuries can not be evaluated with ultrasound?
ACL injuries
What is closed connective synovial sac with a small amount of fluid located at high potential friction points
A bursa
What is the function of the plantar fascia?
Arch support, gait, and distribution of weight
The supraspinatus shares an insert with which other tendon?
Infraspinatus
Carpal tunnel compresses which nerve?
The median nerve
What grade of ankle sprain has a complete rupture of the ligament?
Grade III
What tendon pathology presents with generative changes associated with the presence of micro-cysts?
Tendonitis
What is a collection of loose connective tissue between tendon and sheath?
a paratenon
The elbow is a medium sized ___ joint
Synovial
Name one major criteria for a supraspinatus tear
-Focal non-visualization of the cuff
-localized absence
-discontinuity
-focal abnormal echogenicity
Which ligament is most commonly injured with an ankle sprain?
anterior talofibular ligament