Anatomy
This ligament prevents anterior displacement of the tibia relative to the femur and is commonly injured in pivoting sports.
What is the ACL (anterior cruciate ligament)?
The most likely diagnosis for a 58-year-old with chronic knee pain with varus deformity and medial joint space narrowing on imaging.
What is osteoarthritis of the knee?
This disease will cause a sudden onset of extreme pain, redness and swelling of the first MTP
What is “the gout”?
Laboratory tests for rheumatoid arthritis would most likely reveal these highly specific IgG autoantibodies
What are anti-CCP/ACPA?
This is the term for restoring a broken bone to its normal alignment after a fracture
What is reduction?
This nerve is most commonly injured in a midshaft humeral fracture and travels in the radial groove of the humerus.
What is the radial nerve?
These three musculoskeletal emergencies risk permanent damage without immediate treatment (x2 points if you can name 4).
What are compartment syndrome, septic arthritis, open fractures (or neurovascular compromise from dislocation), or cauda equina syndrome?
Rheumatoid arthritis will cause these interestingly named deformities of the hands
What are Swan-neck and Boutonniere deformities?
This maneuver requires the patient to hold their wrists in complete and forced flexion (pushing the dorsal surfaces of the hands together) for 60 seconds. A positive test is the reproduction of numbness or tingling in the distribution of the median nerve
What is Phalen’s maneuver (or Phalen's test)?
This is the term for surgically replacing a damaged joint surface, commonly done in severe osteoarthritis.
What is arthroplasty?
This tendon inserts on the lesser tubercle of the humerus and is the only rotator cuff muscle responsible for internal rotation.
What is the subscapularis tendon?
This disease can present with complications such as pulmonary fibrosis, pericarditis, anemia of chronic disease, and vasculitis.
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
These three are can’t miss features of cauda equina syndrome.
What is saddle anesthesia, urinary (or fecal) retention/incontinence, and bilateral leg weakness?
Often used in school screenings to detect adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, this physical exam maneuver requires the patient to lean forward at the waist with arms hanging; a positive result is the presence of a "rib hump."
What is the Adam’s Forward Bend Test?
This emergent surgical procedure is the definitive treatment for acute compartment syndrome
What is fasciotomy?
This nerve is often the culprit for serratus anterior paralysis and subsequent winged scapula.
What is the long thoracic nerve?
Foot drop most commonly results from injury to this branch of the sciatic nerve
What is common fibular (peroneal) nerve?
These two conditions both cause acute monoarthritis, but one presents with episodic attacks, while the other presents with a warm, swollen joint, systemic symptoms/fever, and purulent synovial fluid with very high WBC count.
What are gout and septic arthritis?
These are three questions you could ask on history to differentiate between inflammatory and mechanical arthritis (x2 points for 4 or 5 answers)
What is “length of morning stiffness” “age of onset” “pain with movement/rest” “Pain causing waking at night” “Acute/insidious onset"?
This prophylactic medication for the treatment of gout can cause rhabdomyolysis and GI symptoms as side effects
What is colchicine?
This group of three muscles is known for extension + stabilization of the spine.
What are the iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis?
Which autoimmune MSK condition is strongly associated with "pencil-in-cup" deformities on hand radiographs.
What is psoriatic arthritis?
A disc herniation at the level of L4/L5 will present with these clinical features pertaining to the feet and gait on a physical exam
What is the inability to dorsiflex the foot and walk on heels?
A patient with suspected superior gluteal nerve damage will present with this gait pattern (x2 points if they can explain why).
Trendelenburg gait
These two surgical procedures are emergently completed to treat cauda equina syndrome
What is a laminectomy & discectomy?