category 1
What term refers to shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterize an institution or organization?
Culture
Question: What cultural dimension compares putting individual needs first with putting group needs first?
Answer: Individualism versus collectivism
Question: Which dimension concerns the acceptance of unequal distribution of power?
Answer: Power distance
Question: What refers to the shared perceptions that organizational members have about their organization and work environment?
Answer: Organizational climate
Question: What artifact includes founders or individuals who made outstanding contributions to an organization?
Answer: Heroes
Question: What type of culture anticipates guests' needs and provides service before guests ask for it?
Answer: Service culture
Question: Which culture emphasizes interdependence and harmony among group members?
Answer: Collectivist culture
Question: Which dimension concerns how comfortable a culture is with uncertainty and ambiguity?
Answer: Uncertainty avoidance
Question: What type of culture has core values that are intensely held and widely shared?
Answer: Strong culture
Question: What artifact communicates key organizational values through a short phrase?
Answer: Slogans
Question: What is the culture that expresses the core values accepted throughout an organization?
Answer: Dominant culture
Question: Which culture applies the same rules to similar circumstances, even when family or friends are involved?
Answer: Universalist culture
Question: Which dimension contrasts masculine values such as domination and control with feminine values such as sensitivity and concern for others?
Answer: Masculinity versus femininity
Question: What level of organizational culture includes observable actions, language, dress, material objects, and physical layout?
Answer: Behavior — Level 1
Question: What artifact can include plaques, pens, jackets, or other physical objects that carry cultural meaning?
Answer: Symbols
Question: What are the mini cultures that develop within an organization, often because of departments or geographical locations?
Answer: Subcultures
Question: What concept of time is characterized by doing many things at the same time and being more committed to people and relationships?
Answer: Polychronic
Question: Which orientation values saving and perseverance?
Answer: Long-term orientation
Question: What level includes principles that guide decision-making and shape behavior?
Answer: Values and beliefs — Level 2
Question: What three initial elements help an inter-organizational culture begin to develop?
Answer: Shared meanings and symbols, openness to new ideas, and frequency and quality of interactions
Question: What organizational function of culture creates distinctions between one organization and another?
Answer: Boundary-defining role
Question: What cultural attitude believes that some aspects of life are predetermined and cannot be changed?
Answer: Fatalism
Question: According to the handout, which two Hofstede dimensions have the most influence over organizational management styles?
Answer: Power distance and uncertainty avoidance
Question: What level consists of deeply ingrained values and beliefs that are considered unquestionably true?
Answer: Assumptions — Level 3
Question: What three intermediate elements help strengthen relationships between organizations?
Answer: Trust, commitment, and learning