Anatomy
What three systems work together to create movement?
Skeletal, Nervous, and Muscular System
Describe skeletal muscle.
Over 600 muscles, striated in appearance, voluntary, attached to bones.
Muscle located at the shoulder cap (top of shoulder); functions to abduct, flex, and extend the arm. Allows you to raise your arm out to the side or lift it forward.
Deltoid
Exercise
What are the name of the cardiac cells that produce stimulation for contraction without nervous input?
Pacemaker cells
What are the 3 types of muscle?
Cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle.
What 4 pathways are responsible for movement of skeletal muscle?
Contractility, extensibility, excitability, and elasticity.
Muscle of the chest; adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the arm. Allows you to do a push up or push open a heavy swinging door.
Pectoralis Major
Type of exercise performed entirely by the individual without external assistance. Muscular contraction and relaxation by patient.
Active
What are the 3 types of movement by the muscular system?
Locomotion, propulsion, and changing of size of openings.
What connective tissue attaches muscle to bone?
Tendons
What are the 3 distinguishable parts of the muscle?
Muscle that is located at the front of the abdomen; flexes the lumbar spine and vertebral column; known as six pack. Allows you to do an abdominal crunch or curl up out of bed.
Rectus Abdominis
Type of exercise where external force moves the individual's limbs completely without any effort from the patient. Physical therapist manually bending and straightening a patient's paralyzed leg.
Passive
What is the state of tiredness occurring in a muscle as a result of repeated contractions?
Fatigue
What is the group of fibers that are held together by connective tissue and enclosed in a fibrous sheath called?
Fascia
What are the 3 classifications that describe how a muscle performs as a group?
Antagonist, agonist, and synergist.
Soleus
Type of exercise moving a specific joint through its full available movement spectrum to prevent stiffness; moving wrist in a circle; rotating shoulders. Used to prevent loss of mobility or to regain usage after an injury or fracture.
Range of motion
What term means pertaining to the nerves and muscles?
Neuromuscular
What are the 3 functions of the muscular system?
Produce heat, cause movement, and help maintain posture.
Give an example of agonist and antagonist group performance.
Agonist is the primary mover or the muscle that does most of given movement produced by contraction. Bicep completing bicep curl. Antagonist is the muscle that counteracts the action of another muscle, when one contracts the other relaxes. Triceps in bicep curl.
This is at the back of the ankle/heel; connects the calf muscles to the heel bone to transfer force. Allows you to spring off the ground to run, jump, or skip.
Achilles Tendon
Type of exercise where active muscular contraction performed against stable resistance, thereby not shortening muscle length. Contraction where muscle length and joint angles do not change. Holding a plank or performing a wall sit.
Isometric
What is the rotator cuff? What are the four muscles that make up the rotator cuff?
Rotator cuff is a group of muscles and their tendons that act to stabilize the shoulder. The four muscles of the rotator cuff are subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor.