Muscle Types & Functions
This muscle type is non-striated, involuntary, and found in hollow organs
What is smooth muscle?
Ability to respond to a stimulus
What is responsiveness?
Functional unit of a muscle fiber
What is a sarcomere?
Neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction
What is acetylcholine (ACh)?
First phase of a muscle twitch
What is the latent period?
This muscle type is striated, voluntary, and multi-nucleated
What is skeletal muscle?
Ability of muscle to shorten
What is contractility?
Membrane surrounding the muscle fiber
What is the sarcolemma?
Ion that triggers contraction when released into sarcoplasm
What is calcium (Ca²⁺)?
Phase where tension increases
What is the contraction phase?
This muscle type is found in the heart and is involuntary
What is cardiac muscle?
Ability of muscle to stretch
What is extensibility?
Structure that stores calcium
What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
Protein calcium binds to to start contraction
What is troponin?
Condition where no relaxation occurs between stimuli
What is fused (complete) tetanus?
This muscle function includes locomotion and pumping blood
What is producing movement?
Increase in number of muscle cells (occurs before birth)
What is hyperplasia?
Structure made of 2 terminal cisternae + 1 T-tubule
What is a triad?
Protein that blocks binding sites on actin
What is tropomyosin?
Process of removing ACh to stop stimulation
What are diffusion, reuptake, or acetylcholinesterase (AChase)?
This muscle function helps maintain posture and stabilize joints
What is skeletal muscle function?
Increase in size of muscle cells (after birth)
What is hypertrophy?
Thin filament involved in contraction
What is actin?
Step that requires ATP to detach myosin from actin
What is cross-bridge detachment?
Condition after death where muscles stiffen due to lack of ATP
What is rigor mortis?