Head and Neck
Which muscle elevates the mandible to close the jaw?
Masseter
Which muscle extends the vertebral column and helps maintain upright posture?
Erector Spinae
Which muscle originates from the coracoid process of the scapula and inserts on the ribs?
Pectoralis minor
Which muscle primarily dorsiflexes the ankle?
Tibialis anterior
Which muscle name does not make sense and why?
Extensor minimus longus
The name doesn't follow the usual anatomical naming pattern. A real muscle is called extensor hallucis longus, which extends the big toe.
What is the primary action of the orbicularis oris?
Closes and protrudes the lips
What is the primary action of the rectus abdominis?
Flexes the trunk
Where does the brachioradialis insert?
Styloid process of the radius.
Where does the quadriceps group insert?
Tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament
The rhomboid major and minor muscles are deep to the ________.
Trapezius
The rhomboid major and minor muscles lie deep to the trapezius and help retract (pull back) and stabilize the scapula.
Which muscle originates from the zygomatic bone and inserts into the skin and muscle at the corner of the mouth?
Zygomaticus Major
Which muscle originates from the thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and lower thoracic vertebrae and inserts on the humerus?
Latissimus dorsi
Supraspinatus — initiates abduction
Infraspinatus — lateral rotation
Teres minor — lateral rotation
Subscapularis — medial rotation
What are the three muscles that make up the hamstring group?
Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus.
What is the largest muscle in the lower leg?
Gastrocnemius
When both sternocleidomastoid muscles contract together, what is their primary action?
Flex the neck
A patient has difficulty shrugging their shoulders and retracting their scapulae. Which muscle and action pairing best explains this problem?
Trapezius; elevates and retracts the scapula
What is the origin, insertion, and primary action of the triceps brachii?
Origin: Scapula and posterior humerus
Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna
Action: Extends the elbow
A person lifts their knee toward their chest while walking up stairs. Which muscle is primarily responsible for this hip movement?
Iliopsoas
What is the linea alba?
A long tendon that runs down the middle of the rectus abdominis.
A patient has difficulty depressing their lower lip and tensing the skin of their neck. Which muscle and action pairing best explains this problem?
Platysma; tenses the skin of the neck and helps depress the lower lip
A patient has difficulty compressing their abdominal contents but can still rotate and laterally flex their trunk. Which muscle and action pairing best explains this problem?
Transverse abdominis; compresses abdominal contents
A patient has difficulty pulling their body upward during a pull-up. Which back muscle is primarily responsible for extending, adducting, and medially rotating the arm?
Latissimus dorsi.
patient can flex their hip but has difficulty extending their knee and straightening their leg.
a. Which muscle group is weakened,
b. where does this group insert, and
c. what is its primary action?
Muscle group: Quadriceps
Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament
Primary action: Knee extension
Which of the following is a prime mover in head flexion? And why?
Sternocleidomastoid
When both sternocleidomastoid muscles contract together, they flex the neck, bringing the head forward.