Detecting Deception
About 50%, no better than chance.
What is the average person's accuracy rate at detecting lies, according to Miller & Stiff (1993) and Bond & DePaulo (2006)?
Miranda v. Arizona, 1966
What year and case established the Miranda warning requirement?
41
Out of 83 DNA exonerees studied, how many had confessed to a crime they did not commit?
No, they were no more accurate than the participants.
In Kassin, Meissner, & Norwick's (2005) study, were trained investigators more accurate than laypeople at telling true from false confessions?
Arizona v. Fulminante
What 1991 Supreme Court case established that an unreliable/coerced confession could be considered harmless error if other evidence supported guilt?
A microexpression.
What term describes an extremely brief (1/25 second) facial expression that leaks a concealed emotion?
78%–96%
What percentage of suspects waive their Miranda rights, according to Leo (1998)?
14 years
What was the average number of years served in prison by those DNA exonerees who had falsely confessed?
A guilt bias since they were better at correctly identifying true confessions but worse at correctly identifying false ones.
What bias did investigators show in that same study, and how did it affect their judgments of false confessions specifically?
That evidence is evaluated independently in a vacuum, i.e., that a confession doesn't influence how jurors perceive the strength of the other evidence.
What flawed assumption does the harmless error doctrine rely on regarding how juries process evidence?
The polygraph and the Voice Stress Analyzer both measure anxiety/arousal, not deception.
Name two scientific tools investigators use to try to detect deception, and what they actually measure instead of deception itself?
An implicit waiver if the suspect talks after being read their rights, that counts as waiving them
According to North Carolina v. Butler (1979), what kind of Miranda waiver is legally acceptable even without an explicit statement from the suspect?
Instrumental-Coerced, Authentic-Coerced, Instrumental-Voluntary, Authentic-Voluntary
Name the four types of false confessions based on the 2x2 model (source x motivation)?
When a video confession is filmed focusing only on the suspect (not the interrogator), jurors rate it as less coercive because the situational pressure fades into the background and they attribute the confession to the suspect's disposition instead.
What is camera perspective bias, and how does it relate to the Fundamental Attribution Error?
Behavioral evidence (Dror & Charlton, 2006), forensic evidence (Ray & Kassin, 2007), and eyewitness evidence (Hasel & Kassin, 2009).
Name two other types of evidence that research shows are perceived as stronger once jurors have heard a confession?