1
The _________ is the hard, protective plate that protects the tips of the fingers or toes.
a. eponychium
b. nail cuticle
c. matrix
d. natural nail
d. natural nail
What part of the natural nail unit protects the tips of the fingers and toes?
a. nail plate
b. nail cuticle
c. matrix
d. nail bed
a. nail plate
The _______________ is composed mainly of keratin.
a. nail bed
b. nail cuticle
c. matrix
d. onyx
d. onyx
What color is NOT normal for a healthy nail?
a. whitish
b. reddish
c. pinkish
d. beige
b. reddish
Which of the following is used to enhance the appearance of an individual?
a. medical practices
b. medical devices
c. beauty services
d. drugs
c. beauty services
Why is it important to understand nail disorders and diseases? CH. 6 BEGINS
a. You must be able to recognize conditions to be able to diagnose and provide in-salon treatment.
b. You must be able to identify conditions and prescribe at-home treatments.
c. You must be able to identify conditions and determine if they can be treated in the salon.
d. You must be able to recognize conditions so you do not work on any nails with diseases or disorders.
c. You must be able to identify conditions and determine if they can be treated in the salon.
Which nail disorder is associated with significant darkening of the fingernails or toenails caused by increased pigment cells?
a. pincer nail
b. infected finger
c. ridged nail
d. melanonychia
d. melanonychia
Angela is training to be a cosmetologist. While she is working on a client, her manager stops her because she's about to clip too close to the eponychium. What might Angela have confused the eponychium for?
a. the nail plate
b. the nail cuticle
c. the matrix
d. the natural nail
b. the nail cuticle
The natural nail itself is technically referred to as the ____________.
a. nail plate
b. nail cuticle
c. matrix
The natural nail itself is technically referred to as the ____________.
a. nail plate
b. nail cuticle
c. matrix
d. onyx
d. onyx
The natural nail unit includes which part of the finger?
a. the tip to the first knuckle
b. the tip to the second knuckle
c. the whole finger
d. the nail itself
a. the tip to the first knuckle
Which of the following is not a part of the natural nail unit?
a. nail plate
b. nail cuticle
c. matrix
d. onyx
d. onyx
The lateral nail fold is also known as ____.
a. the sidewall
b. Beau's lines
c. the eponychium
d. the free edge
a. the sidewall
Jessica notices that a few toes on her client's feet seem to have a fungal infection. Jessica suggests that the client start a regimen of regular foot soaks as well as using tea tree oil, and that if she does this, she doesn't need to see a podiatrist. Jessica's manager overhears this conversation and is unhappy with Jessica's response. Why?
a. Clients only want their nails taken care of; they do not want medical advice.
b. Clients can become embarrassed by discussing a fungal infection.
c. Nail technicians do not get paid to be doctors and should not offer free medical advice.
d. Cosmetologists should not provide any medical advice.
d. Cosmetologists should not provide any medical advice.
Which type of glove is recommended for cosmetologists?
a. cotton
b. rubber
c. nitrile
d. latex
c. nitrile
What is the visible part of the matrix that extends from underneath the living skin?
a. sidewall
b. nail plate
c. free edge
d. lunula
d. lunula
What is the slightly thickened layer of skin that lies between the fingertip and the nail plate’s free edge?
a. the matrix
b. the sidewall
c. the hyponychium
d. the paronychia
c. the hyponychium
What are the characteristics of a normal, healthy nail?
a. soft and flexible
b. firm and rigid
c. firm and flexible
d. soft with ridges
c. firm and flexible
The proximal nail fold is the entire flap of skin that covers what?
a. the sidewall
b. the nail bed
c. the matrix
d. the free edge
c. the matrix
The ____ is the part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe.
a. trumpet
b. free edge
c. circumflex
d. natural nail
b. free edge
_________________ is also known as athlete's foot.
a. Herpes simplex
b. Verruca
c. Tinea manus
d. Tinea pedis
d. Tinea pedis
Which of the following nail disorders displays as dark purplish spots usually due to a small injury to the nail bed?
a. bruised nail bed
b. ridged nail
c. onychophagy
d. splinter hemorrhage
a. bruised nail bed
A normal nail plate grows forward from the ____ and extends over the tip of the finger.
a. nail bed
b. sidewalls
c. cuticle
d. matrix
d. matrix
What is the living skin that supports the nail plate as it grows toward the free edge?
a. cuticle
b. sidewalls
c. nail bed
d. matrix
nail bed
Why must the hyponychium be treated gently?
a. A damaged hyponychium would mean that any nail service would have to start over.
b. If the hyponychium is damaged, it would cause the rest of the nail service products to work incorrectly.
c. A damaged hyponychium would need immediate medical assistance.
d. If the hyponychium is damaged, an infection under the nail plate is possible.
d. If the hyponychium is damaged, an infection under the nail plate is possible.
The growth of the nail plate is affected by all of the following EXCEPT __________.
a. nutrition
b. genes
c. exercise
d. general health
b. genes
What is the average rate of nail plate growth in normal adults per month?
a. 1/10 to 1/8 inch per month
b. 1/8 to 1/4 inch per month
c. 1/10 to 1/4 inch per month
d. 1/4 to 1/2 inch per month
a. 1/10 to 1/8 inch per month
Which of the following is a nail disease that requires the attention of a physician?
a. hangnails
b. a bruise on the nail bed
c. paronychia
d. plicatured nails
c. paronychia
Which of the following nail disorders shows as a noticeably thin, white nail plate that is more flexible than normal and is usually caused by diet, heredity, internal disease, medication, or overfiling with an abrasive?
a. pincer nail
b. Beau's lines
c. eggshell nail
d. nail psoriasis
c. eggshell nail
What is the relationship between nail cell production and plate growth?
a. The faster that nail cells are produced, the slower the plate will grow.
b. The faster that nail cells are produced, the faster the plate will grow.
c. The slower that nail cells are produced, the faster the plate will grow.
d. Nail cells that grow fast make the plate brittle.
The faster that nail cells are produced, the faster the plate will grow.
How long does it take for toenail plates to be fully replaced?
a. 4 to 6 months
b. 6 to 9 months
c. 9 to 12 months
d. 12 to 18 months
c. 9 to 12 months
How long does it take for fingernail plates to be fully replaced?
a. 4 to 6 months
b. 6 to 9 months
c. 9 to 12 months
d. 12 to 18 months
a. 4 to 6 months
Which of the following groups of people would have the fastest growing nails?
a. children
b. adult males
c. adult females
d. the elderly
a. children
How would you recommend clients make their plate grow thicker?
a. Regular manicures will make the nail plate grow thicker over time.
b. Nothing can make the nail plate grow thicker.
c. A healthy diet and exercise can help the nail plate grow thicker.
d. Pregnancy typically helps the nail plate grow thicker.
b. Nothing can make the nail plate grow thicker.
Which of the following nail disorders show signs of depressions running across the width of the nail plate due to a slowing production of matrix cells, which causes the nail plate to grow thinner and is usually the result of serious illness or injury?
a. bruised nail bed
b. Beau's lines
c. eggshell nail
d. discolored nail
b. Beau's lines
Which of the following nail disorders shows symptoms of the nail turning a variety of colors, which may indicate surface staining, a systemic disorder, or poor blood circulation?
a. leukonychia
b. onychorrhexis
c. melanonychia
d. discolored nail
d. discolored nail
Which of the following nail diseases is associated with fungal infections of the feet, or athlete's foot?
a. onycholysis
b. pyogenic granuloma
c. tinea pedis
d. onychia
c. tinea pedis
Which of the following is a nail disease associated with the separation of the nail plate and bed due to injury or allergic reactions?
a. onycholysis
b. ridged nail
c. tinea pedis
d. plicatured nail
a. onycholysis
Which of the following is a nail disease associated with bacterial inflammation of the tissues around the nail plate, causing pus, swelling, and redness?
a. onychomadesis
b. paronychia
c. nail psoriasis
d. eggshell nail
b. paronychia
Which nail disorder is associated with visible redness, pain, swelling, broken skin, or pus?
a. hangnails
b. infected finger
c. leukonychia
d. melanonychia
b. infected finger
Which nail disorder is associated with whitish spots of discoloration of the nails and is usually caused by minor injury to the nail matrix?
a. onychophagy
b. bruised nail bed
c. leukonychia
d. Beau’s lines
c. leukonychia
Which of the following nail diseases is associated with rapidly growing and contagious bacteria that can cause an infection, and in early stages is seen as a yellow-green spot?
a. onycholysis
b. paronychia
c. tinea pedis
d. pseudomonas aeruginosa
d. pseudomonas aeruginosa
Which nail disorder is associated with damaged skin around the nail plate that becomes split or torn?
a. hangnails
b. onychorrhexis
c. pincer nail
d. plicatured nail
a. hangnails
What nail disorder is associated with a dramatically increased nail curvature of the free edge, where it might curl in upon itself?
a. eggshell nail
b. onychophagy
c. pincer nail
d. splinter hemorrhage
c. pincer nail
What nail disorder is associated with nail surface pitting, roughness, onycholysis, and bed discolorations?
a. nail psoriasis
b. onychophagy
c. melanonychia
d. Beau’s lines
a. nail psoriasis
Which of the following nail diseases is associated with fungal infections of the feet, or athlete's foot?
a. tinea pedis
b. pyogenic granuloma
c. onycholysis
d. onychia
a. tinea pedis
How would you explain to someone why a nail tech might not be able to perform some services that a podiatrist might?
a. Podiatrists are specialist nail technicians and therefore know how to do certain things that regular nail technicians don't.
b. If a procedure is listed under a podiatry license, it is prohibited for anyone licensed under cosmetology.
c. Each salon and spa has its own set of rules for the services it provides; some are restricted, and a client would have to see a podiatrist instead.
d. Nail techs and podiatrists work together to help serve clients; therefore, there are services that nail techs do and others that podiatrists perform.
b. If a procedure is listed under a podiatry license, it is prohibited for anyone licensed under cosmetology.
How would you respond to someone who says that because something is not specifically prohibited, it is allowed?
a. You can only perform practices listed specifically within your license.
b. You can perform any practice that is not specifically prohibited within your license.
c. You can perform any practice that is listed within your license or a podiatrist’s license.
d. You can only perform practices accepted by your salon or spa.
a. You can only perform practices listed specifically within your license.
Nail services are governed under ________________.
a. podiatry
b. cosmetology
c. dermatology
d. trichology
b. cosmetology
The scope of practice for cosmetologists and nail technicians can be found in state cosmetology laws or statues under ________________.
a. Reports
b. Summary
c. Outline
d. Definitions
d. Definitions