Fallacy 1
Misrepresenting someone's argument to make it easier to attack
What is strawman fallacy?
My brother eats an apple a day and has never had to see a doctor. Eating an apple a day keeps the doctor away.
What is the false cause, post hoc, or hasty generalization fallacy?
"Because Professor Knopp says it is true, it must be so..."
A sports broadcaster said Jim’s at least 6 feet 6 inches tall, so he must be a terrific golfer.
Non sequitur
Daily Double 1
A commercial for Smart and Sassy Shampoo shows a boy washing his hair in the morning. Then at school he passes every test with a 100 and gets a $100 million scholarship. At then end, he pulls out his shampoo and says he’s so thankful for his shampoo.
An argument that attacks the character of a person rather than his opinions or arguments
Personal Attack (ad hominem)
Presents only two choices or solutions to a problem or situation and forces someone to choose from the two choices when in reality there are plenty more options out there.
False Dilemma
My uncle is a dermatologist and he says to take Tummy Tops laxatives instead of Mellow Malt because Tummy Tops contains calcium while Mellow Malt has aluminum and magnesium.
False authority
"America: love it or leave it."
False dilemma/ false dichotomy
Lady Gaga is not a successful businesswoman because she dresses like a freak.
Ad hominem/ Personal attack
A cause-and-effect relationship between two sequential events; often very unreasonable
Post Hoc
misrepresents the context from which a quotation is taken; putting words or ideas in people’s mouth/head; creating a “dummy” or fake or falsified argument or situation so you can attack it
What is a straw man fallacy?
If you fail this class, you won't graduate college and won't be able to get a good job and will have to steal and sell drugs to make a living and will spend the rest of your life in jail.
What is slippery slope fallacy
We cannot approve of the new recycling program on campus- the leader of the group pushing this program is a Communist!
What is ad hominem fallacy.
If the school board approves a new alternate block schedule to approve 8 block classes a week, then eventually they will force students to attend school 8 hours a day, 7 days a week!
Slippery slope
The writer/speaker threatens the audience with negative consequences if his claim is not accepted or believed
Appeal to fear
A conclusion based on the premise that if A happens, then eventually through a series of steps, B,C,D, and eventually Z will happen
What is Slippery Slope Fallacy
Daily Double 2
This fallacy occurs when your opponent over-simplifies or misrepresents your argument to make it easier to attack or refute. Instead of fully addressing your actual argument, speakers relying on this fallacy present a superficially similar -- but ultimately not equal -- version of your real stance, helping them create the illusion of easily defeating you.
Child: "Can we get a dog?"
Parent: "No."
Child: "It would protect us."
Parent: "Still, no." Child: "Why do you want to leave us and our house unprotected?"
Strawman
"you either vote for presidential candidate A or you are a traitor"
False dichotomy/ false dilemma
Presents people as authorities on products or issues; these authorities may be experts in a totally different field, though
False or improper Authority
Comparison or metaphors to relate ideas or situations that are not really that similar
False Analogy/Comparison
A news broadcaster says you can’t accept anything Bill O’Reilly says because he is just a hyper-conservative bullet-head.
Ad hominem fallacy/ personal attack
Radio waves are invisible but they exist. In the same way, magic is invisible but it still exists.
False analogy
My grandfather smoked daily and ate heavy cream and lived to be 100 so smoking and eating fatty foods is good for you
hasty generalization or post hoc