Wise Words
What is an area of land reserved for a tribe or tribes under treaty or other agreement with the United States?
What is a reservation
This authorized the Secretary of the Interior, the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, and some other government agencies to enter into contracts with, and make grants directly to, federally recognized Native American tribes.
What is the Indian Self-Determination Act
This period followed the Civil War, resulting in the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments, as well as the KKK's founding an Black codes.
What is Reconstruction?
This was the name of the Native American grassroots movement founded in Minneapolis, Minnesota in July 1968, initially centered in urban areas in order to address systemic issues of poverty, discrimination, and police brutality against Native Americans. They participated/organized the Occupation of Alcatraz (1969) and the Longest Walk (1978).
What is American Indian Movement (AIM)
This man stated, " This denial of all feeling against slavery, at such a time and in such circumstances, is wholly discreditable to the head and heart of Mr. Lincoln."
Who is Frederick Douglass
What is the Three-Fifths Compromise
This Reconstruction amendment was often unenforced in areas in the South due to poll taxes, literacy tests, and "grandfather clauses".
What is the Fifteenth Amendment?
Brown v. Board of Education (1954) overturned this court case, which involved segregated rail cars in Louisiana, and upheld Jim Crow laws by saying that “separate but equal” facilities for blacks and whites were constitutional.
What is Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)?
What is the name of the movement created by Wovoka that revived Native American culture and tradition during the assimilatory period of Native American/settler relationships?
This activist attended Fisk University in Nashville and used journalism to expose issues of lynching.
Who is Ida B. Wells
Black codes in the post-Reconstruction South are an example of this type of racial discrimination.
What is de jure segregation
This allowed for the creation of land-grant colleges in U.S. states using the proceeds from sales of federally-owned land, often obtained from indigenous tribes through treaty, cession, or seizure.
What is the Morrill Act of 1862
After the Civil War, many black families rented land from white owners and raised cash crops such as cotton, tobacco, and rice, renting equipment from the landowners. Laws favoring landowners that restricted movement of the renters and making it illegal for farmers to sell to anyone other than the landowner exposed a failure of Reconstruction. This was known as ___________.
What is sharecropping?
This attacks of this organization was one of reasons that many Black families moved North starting in the 1910s until the 1970s to escape racial violence, pursue economic and educational opportunities, and obtain freedom from the oppression of Jim Crow laws.
What is the Ku Klux Klan (KKK)?
This civil rights leader would participate in the famous Selma to Montgomery march and protest disenfranchisement and result in the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
Who is Martin Luther King, Jr.?
"Survival schools", a network of schools set up in Minnesota in 1972, sought to teach indigenous culture and combat the education set up by the Carlisle Indian Industrial School, the flagship Native American boarding school in the United States from 1879 through 1918. The industrial school promoted this type of policy towards Native Americans.
What is assimilation/forced assimilation?
The election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 led to the secession of this state, triggering a domino effect that would lead to the creation of the Confederacy.
What is South Carolina
In the 1920s, this was known as the capital of Black America. Its residents formed a community in which they were creating music, literature, and art that rose awareness to racial discrimination - it was home to poets such as Langston Hughes, and musicians such as Ma Rainey, who, along with journals and newspapers, took on political and social issues facing Black Americans and contributed to rebirth of culture.
What is Harlem?
This was an organization founded in 1960 that was made up mostly of Black college students, who practiced peaceful and direct protest, behind the Freedom Summer and joining in the Selma Montgomery March.
What is the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)?
African American activist who emphasized education and whose beliefs on segregation came into conflict with W.E.B. Du Bois
Booker T. Washington
This institution and the Virginia Slave codes that subjected Black people to division, racial discrimination, and economic deprivation was the main cause of the Stono Rebellion.
What is "chattel slavery"?
These sought to legitimize racial discrimination and were widespread in the American South in the post-Reconstruction period.
What are Jim Crow laws/Black codes?
This 1969 protest highlighted issues on reservation land, in its proclamation stating that on the area, "There are no educational facilities" and "The population has always exceeded the land base."
What is the Occupation of Alcatraz?
Du Bois, Ida B. Wells-Barnett, and Mary Church Terrell jointly created this, the nation's largest and most widely recognized civil rights organization in 1909. They used the court system to fight racial injustice.
What is the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)?
This group of people fought alongside the Potawatomi, Mingo, Seneca, Miami, Kickapoo, Illinois and more to fight off the advances of British empire in the New World and resulted in the Proclamation line of 1763.
Who is the Ottawa/Odawa tribe?