Texts and Speakers
This term describes stories passed from one generation to another through speaking and listening.
What is oral tradition?
These creatures catch the Sky Woman and keep her from falling directly into the water.
What are the birds?
The animals’ combined effort to save the Sky Woman emphasizes this value.
What is cooperation or community?
This term means an author’s deliberate choice of words.
What is diction?
Information directly stated in a text is described by this word.
What is explicit?
This creation story explains why the world rests on a turtle’s back.
What is ‘The Earth on Turtle’s Back’?
This small animal succeeds in bringing soil from beneath the water after stronger animals fail.
Who is Muskrat?
Both creation stories portray humans, animals, and the land as parts of this kind of relationship.
What is an interconnected relationship?
This term names the emotional or cultural associations connected to a word.
What is connotation?
A logical conclusion based on textual clues and prior knowledge is called this.
What is an inference?
This creation story connects the origins of humans to the Sky Spirit’s daughter and a family of grizzlies.
What is ‘When Grizzlies Walked Upright’?
This being creates Mount Shasta while descending from the Above World.
Who is the Chief of the Sky Spirits?
Chief Joseph’s surrender speech places the survival of his people above this goal.
What is continued fighting or military victory?
This literary device gives human qualities or actions to animals, objects, or natural forces.
What is personification?
In CER, this part states the writer’s answer or position.
What is the claim?
This Nez Perce leader is the speaker or author connected to both nonfiction texts in the unit.
Who is Chief Joseph?
This event leads the grizzlies to raise the Sky Spirit’s daughter.
What is the daughter becoming separated from her family and being found by the grizzlies?
Chief Joseph argues that Native people should receive these protections under the same rules applied to others.
What are freedom, justice, and equal treatment under the law?
The repeated references to death, hunger, cold, and missing people create this tone in Chief Joseph’s surrender speech.
What is sorrowful, exhausted, or resigned?
In CER, this part explains why a quotation or detail proves the claim.
What is the reasoning?
Name the two Chief Joseph texts and identify the main difference in their immediate purposes.
What are ‘I Will Fight No More Forever’ and ‘An Indian’s View of Indian Affairs’? The first announces surrender, while the second argues for justice, equal treatment, and understanding of the Nez Perce perspective.
Explain the cause-and-effect relationship between the Sky Spirit discovering his daughter’s descendants and the grizzlies’ final condition.
What is that the angry Sky Spirit punishes the grizzlies by making them walk on four legs and taking away their speech?
Identify one shared concern across the two Chief Joseph texts and explain how each text develops it differently.
What is the suffering and fair treatment of the Nez Perce? The surrender speech emphasizes immediate loss and survival, while the argument explains injustice and calls for equal treatment.
Explain the analysis chain used to connect a specific word choice to a text’s overall effect.
What is word choice, then connotation, then effect on the message, then tone?
A student claims that ‘The Earth on Turtle’s Back’ values cooperation. Give one relevant event and explain how it supports the claim.
What is that the birds catch the Sky Woman and the animals attempt to retrieve soil together? Their shared effort makes creation possible, showing that the community succeeds through cooperation.