Named for the University of Chicago, which many of it's scholars attended.
What is The Chicago School
100
In order to deter crime, punishment must be swift certain and severe
What is Classical Theory/Deterrence Theory?
100
Wrote differential association, the first criminology textbook in America, pioneered the study of white collar crime
Who is Edwin Sutherland?
100
Argues that ethnic heterogeneity, poverty and residential turnover make crime more likely to happen in neighborhoods.
What is Social Disorganization?
100
Wrote Social Disorganization. One of the first scholars of the Chicago School.
Who is Clifford Shaw or Henry McKay?
200
Closely linked with eugenics.
What is The Positivist School
200
Criminals are genetic throwbacks with specific features that indicate their criminality.
What is The Criminal Man
200
Used his hometown of Philadelphia to write Code of the Street. Is the only non-white theorist we've studied.
Who is Elijah Anderson?
200
People are bonded to their family, schools, and friends. Strong bonds = less likely to be delinquent.
What is Social Bond Theory?
200
Also a relatively local person, author of General Strain Theory and helped to write your text book.
Who is Robert Agnew?
300
Argues that crime is a part of human nature and man makes rational decisions
What is The Classical School
300
Because of social isolation, racism, and economic deprivation, respect becomes the central goal to be achieved by people. Respect is maintained via crime and violence.
What is Code of the Street?
300
Went to South Philadelphia High School and then Temple University. Used the concept of anomie as a ground work for this theory.
Who is Robert Merton?
300
Subset of theories that ask "why DON'T people commit crime?"
What are Social Control Theories?
300
Added to Sutherland's Differential Association theory by detailing the mechanisms by which one learns the definitions in his Social Learning Theory
Who is Robert Akers?
400
Founded in the 1920's
What is The Chicago School
400
Certain types of people react in certain ways to certain situations with crime.
What is Agnew's General Strain Theory
400
Wrote or helped to write two theories that we've studied. Usually begins his books by describing how everyone else is wrong.
Who is Travis Hirschi?
400
Details 5 "excuses" or reasonings that explain why delinquents commit crime despite disapproving of it.
What is Techniques of Neutralization?
400
Helped to write A General Theory of Crime. Whole family is involved in criminology.
Who is Michael Gottfredson?
500
Gave criminologists a scientific approach to crime
What is The Positivist School
500
Crime is a behavior that is learned through association with others, via imitation and differential reinforcement.
What is Aker's Social Learning Theory
500
Italian Criminologist who wrote his theory during the late 1800's. "Proved" his theory by studying corpses.
Who is Cesare Lombroso?
500
Argues that a person learns crime from the people around them and that individuals become delinquent when they learn an excess of definitions that are favorable to commit crime over definitions that are unfavorable to commit crime.
What is Differential Association?
500
Italian criminologist, wrote On Crimes and Punishments.