Cellular Mechanisms
Gene silencing and loss of genomic imprinting is a result of this type of mutation.
What is epigentic?
Hereditary retinoblastoma is caused by a mutation in this gene.
What is RB?
This is the general term used to describe malignant tumors originating from connective tissue.
What is sarcoma?
This paraneoplastic syndrome involves the tumor secreting ACTH-like substance.
What is Cushing's syndrome?
This phase of the cell cycle is the "resting phase" where cells stop dividing (cancer cells CANNOT enter this phase).
What is G0?
Mutation of this gene causes melanoma.
What is p12INK44?
This is the general term used to describe tumors within the nervous system.
What is blastoma?
Inappropriate (increased) ADH secretion caused by a tumor may lead to this paraneoplastic syndrome.
What is hyponatremia?
In TNM, there is also a "G" category which tells describes this.
Level of differentiation.
What is a proto-oncogene?
These two genes may cause breast and ovarian cancer.
What is BRCA-1 and BRCA-2?
Give two examples of tumor names ending in -oma that are malignant.
What is:
seminoma, lymphoma, melanoma, dysgerminoma, mesothelioma, myeloma?
Oat cell lung cancer may cause two paraneoplastic syndromes. Name one.
what is Cushing's syndrome and hyponatremia?
What are III and IV?
These are the two components involved in regulating the cell cycle.
What are cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)?
This gene may cause Li-Fraumeni syndrome.
This is the name given to a malignant tumor of smooth muscle.
What is leiomyosarcoma?
What is polycythemia?
(increased EPO of cancer = increased RBC production)
This stage of cancer describes tumor formation that has spread to local structures, but not to lymph nodes or distant regions.
What is stage II?
This protein serves to guide a cell through the S and G2 phase, and then into the M phase.
What is cyclin A?
What is APC?
This is the term used to describe a malignant tumor of liver cell origin.
What is hepatocellular carcinoma?
This paraneoplastic syndrome creates a hypercoagulable state.
What is Trousseau's syndrome?
What stage in this TNM describing?
T = 2
N = 1
M = 0
What is stage III?
T = 2: tumor size > 5cm
N = spread to lymph nodes
M = no metastasis