Glomerular disease.. what's that?
Whats the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children.
Minimal Change Disease
Distal RTA results from inability to excrete this ion in the distal nephron.
H +
This electrolyte abnormality commonly causes peaked T waves on ECG.
hYperkalemia
This formula is used in pediatrics to calculate daily maintenance fluid requirements.
Holliday–Segar formula
What is Blueys siblings name?
Bingo
A 10-year-old develops cola-colored urine and edema 2 weeks after streptococcal pharyngitis. Blood pressure is elevated. Labs show low C3 complement.
Which diagnosis is most likely?
PSGN
classically presents 1–3 weeks after streptococcal infection with nephritic syndrome and low C3 levels.
Type 4 RTA commonly results from deficiency or resistance to this hormone.
aldosterone
Opioid overdose classically causes this acid–base disorder
Respiratory acidosis
A 25-kg child is admitted with DKA. Excessively rapid fluid administration increases concern for this feared neurologic complication.
cerebral edema
Name the snowman from Frozen
Olaf
A 5-year-old boy presents with periorbital edema and decreased urine output for 4 days. Blood pressure is normal. Urinalysis shows 4+ protein and no hematuria. Serum albumin is 1.9 g/dL and cholesterol is elevated. Complement levels are normal.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
Minimal Change Disease
Explanation:
The child has classic nephrotic syndrome: edema, heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperlipidemia. In children, the most common cause is minimal change disease. Normal complement supports this diagnosis.
A child presents with polyuria, polydipsia, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, and normal blood pressure. Urine calcium excretion is elevated.
Which diagnosis is most likely?
Bartter syndrome
Bartter syndrome mimics loop diuretic use and causes hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis with hypercalciuria and normal/low blood pressure.
Salicylate poisoning classically produces this mixed acid–base disorder
Respiratory alkalosis with metabolic acidosis
Oliguria in pediatric patients is commonly defined as urine output less than this many mL/kg/hr
infant?
children?
Name at least 3 Paw Patrol characters
Ryder
Skye
Chase
Marshall
Rubble
Rocky
Zuma
In minimal change disease, electron microscopy classically shows this podocyte abnormality.
foot process effacement
This kidney imaging finding is especially associated with distal RTA
nephrocalcinosis
This congenital condition in infants classically causes hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis
Pyloric stenosis
Calculate fluid deficit of:
20kg, Infant
tachycardia, dry mucous membrane, sunken fontanelles
2 IV push in ER
IVM- 60mlhr
moderate dehydration- 10%/100ml/kg
in 24hr- 110ml/hr
Name 3 Cars characters and kind of car they are
Lightning McQueen- Chevrolet Monte Carlo
Mater- Tow truck
Doc Hudson- Hudson Hornet
Sally- Porsche
This nephrotic syndrome subtype is associated with HIV, obesity, and steroid resistance.
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
Children with untreated RTA often develop this skeletal manifestation due to chronic acidosis
rickets
Acidosis stimulates bone-resorbing cells (osteoclasts) to break down bone tissue. This releases alkaline minerals like calcium and phosphate into the blood to neutralize the acid.
report the mnemonic MUDPILES
Methanol
Uremia
DKA
Polyethylene glycol/paracetamol
Iron/ Isoniazid / Infection
Lactic acidosis
Ethylene glycol
Salicylates
Whats the most common Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia?
mention deficiency
glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and androgen levels
Sodium and potassium levels
21 hydroxylase deficiency
decreased glucocorticoids
decreased mineralocorticoids
elevated androgen levels
low sodium
high potassium
This teenager is Spiderman across the spider-verse
Miles Morales