Anatomy
What are the two main parts of the nervous system?
Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System
What is the main function of the nervous system?
To coordinate and regulate body functions and respond to stimuli
What are the five primary tastes?
Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami
What is the function of the cornea?
To refract and focus light onto the retina
What is the function of the eardrum?
To vibrate in response to sound waves and transmit them to the ear
Name two types of neurons
Sensory neurons and motor neurons
What is the difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?
Sympathetic: fight or flight response, Parasympathetic: rest and digest response
What is the difference between rods and cones in the eye?
Rods: detect light and dark, Cones: detect color and detail
What is the function of the iris?
To control the amount of light that enters the eye
What is the function of the auditory nerve?
To transmit sound signals from the ear to the brainstem
What are the four main parts of the brain?
Cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, and diencephalon
What is the role of the cerebellum?
Controls movement and balance
What is the role of the cochlea in hearing?
Converts sound waves into nerve impulses that are sent to the brain
What is the function of the lens?
To focus light onto the retina
What kind of receptors are our balance cells?
Mechanoreceptors
What is the function of the spinal cord?
Transmit messages between the brain and the rest of the body
What is the role of the limbic system?
Controls emotions, behavior, and long-term memory
What is the function of the olfactory bulb?
Processes information about smells and sends signals to the brain
What is the difference between nearsightedness and farsightedness?
Nearsightedness: can see close objects clearly but distant objects are blurry, Farsightedness: can see distant objects clearly but close objects are blurry
What is the collective name for the small bones in the ear?
Ossicles
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
Regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, and hormone production
What is the difference between the autonomic and somatic nervous systems?
Autonomic: regulates involuntary functions, Somatic: regulates voluntary movements and reflexes
What is the function of the semicircular canals in the ear?
Detects rotational movements and helps maintain balance
What is the blind spot in the eye?
The area where the optic nerve leaves the eye and there are no photoreceptors, resulting in a blind spot in the visual field
What is tinnitus?
A ringing, buzzing, or other noise in the ears that is not caused by an external sound source