All things Neuron
What is the function of a neuron?
transport and uptake of neurotransmitters - chemicals that relay information between brain cells
What are the three parts of the brain?
Cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem
Clear, outer layer of the eye.
Cornea
snail like part of the inner ear
cochlea
What constitutes the CNS vs the PNS?
Brain and spinal cord. all other nervous outside the CNS
What are the 5 main parts of a neuron?
Dendrites, cell body, axon, myelin sheath, axon terminals
Name the 5 lobes of the brain
frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, insula
What are the two fluid/gels of the eyeball and where are they located?
aqueous humor lies in front of the lens and vitreous humor lies behind the lens in front of the retina.
what is the function of the semicircular canals
balance and head position
what is the autonomic nervous system vs the somatic nervous system?
controls involuntary functions and glands. controls voluntary movements.
Give an example of a neurotransmitter.
acetylcholine, dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, histamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin
What parts make up the brain stem? (list in descending order)
mid brain, pons, medulla oblongada
What is the difference between the lens, pupil, and iris?
iris is the colored part of the eye and controls the amount of light entering the pupil which is the center of the iris. The lens allows one to focus on near and far objects with the help of the muscles attached to it.
list a part from the outer, middle, and inner ear
answers may vary
Give an example of reactions from the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
ex) para: rest and digest symp: fight or flight
What cells make up the myelin sheath in the PNS vs the CNS?
Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes respectively.
What is the difference between grey matter and white matter? And how is the arranged in the brain?
The white matter of your brain and spinal cord is composed of bundles of axons. Gray matter is home to neural cell bodies, axon terminals, and dendrites, as well as all nerve synapses. In the brain, grey matter is on the outside while white matter is on the inside.
Why do we have a blind spot in our vision?
There are no retinal cells near the optic nerve location, therefore we cannot see in this spot. However, the rest of our vision makes it unnoticeable.
what are the three small bones of the middle ear and what do they do?
malleus, incus, stapes... transmit and amplify sound waves
how does communication travel for a reflex vs a reaction?
One goes through the spinal cord and one goes to the brain. sensory, integration, motor
Explain the function of each part of a neuron-dendrites, cell body, axon, myelin sheath, axon terminals, nodes of Ranvier
receive signal, contains nucleus, transmitting electrical signals, allows electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently, release the neurotransmitters of the presynaptic cell, to speed up propagation of action potentials along the axon
Explain what occurs to the brain during a concussion and list some symptoms.
The brain floats in a protective material called cerebrospinal fluid. During a concussion, the brain comes in contact with the skull bones and may bruise. Neurons are damaged, memory loss may occur, vomiting, head aches, light sensitivity, mood swings, etc.
What is the difference between near sightedness (myopia) and far sightedness (hyperopia)
image being focused in front of the retina. image being focused behind the retina
Explain the process of sound conduction through the ear.
Sound waves are collected by the pinna and channeled through the external auditory canal. The tympanic membrane vibrates and the auditory ossicles send the vibrations to the cochlea which produces nerve impulses to the brain.
function of the nervous system
communication