Mongol Conquest
This Mongol leader united the Mongol tribes in 1206 and began the expansion of the largest contiguous land empire in history.
Who is Genghis Khan?
Buddhism traveled from India to China primarily through this network
What are the Silk Roads?
This Chinese invention eventually spread westward and contributed to increased literacy.
What is papermaking?
This Venetian traveler visited the court of Kublai Khan and later described China to European audiences.
Who is Marco Polo?
A historian studying Champa rice, bananas, and sugar would most likely classify these as examples of this consequence of trade networks.
What is environmental exchange/agricultural diffusion?
This military technique involved pretending to retreat in order to draw an enemy into an ambush.
What is a feigned retreat?
Chinese Buddhist monks connected Buddhist ideas with Daoist concepts, contributing to the development of this form of Buddhism.
What is Chan Buddhism/Zen Buddhism?
This navigational instrument helped sailors determine their position north or south of the equator.
What is the astrolabe?
This Moroccan Muslim scholar traveled through North Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, Southeast Asia, China, and other regions.
Who is Ibn Battuta?
The spread of Buddhism, Islam, and technological innovations demonstrates that trade networks facilitated this process.
What is cultural diffusion?
Mongol armies were able to conquer heavily fortified cities partly because they recruited captured specialists such as engineers and used their knowledge of this technology.
What are siege weapons?
This Chinese intellectual tradition incorporated elements of Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism and became particularly influential during the Song period.
What is Neo-Confucianism?
This Chinese maritime technology increased the stability and control of ships.
What is the stern rudder?
Unlike Marco Polo's primarily merchant perspective, this traveler's writings frequently emphasized Islamic rulers, scholars, religious practices, and Muslim societies.
Who is Ibn Battuta?
The Mongols increased trade while also facilitating the spread of the Black Death. This illustrates which important historical concept?
What is continuity and change / unintended consequences of connectivity?
This Mongol khan conquered Baghdad in 1258, ending the political power of the Abbasid caliphate in the city.
Who is Hulegu Khan?
The Khmer Empire provides an example of cultural syncretism because rulers incorporated both Hindu and Buddhist artistic and religious traditions into this city.
What is Angkor Thom?
Chinese gunpowder technology eventually spread across Eurasia and contributed to the development of these weapons.
What are guns/cannons?
These travelers' accounts are historically valuable because they provide evidence about societies connected through long-distance exchange, but historians must also consider this potential limitation.
What is author perspective/bias?
Compare the Silk Roads and Indian Ocean networks: both facilitated cultural diffusion, but the Indian Ocean network depended more heavily on this environmental phenomenon.
What are monsoon winds?
Rather than completely replacing local governments, Mongol rulers sometimes used existing rulers to collect taxes and tribute, an approach particularly evident in this region
What is Russia?
The spread of religions through trade networks demonstrates that exchange networks transported more than physical goods; they also facilitated the movement of these three broad categories.
What are religions, ideas, and cultural practices?
The spread of the lateen sail, stern rudder, astrolabe, and magnetic compass demonstrates what broader pattern in Unit 2?
What is technological diffusion caused by increased connectivity?
Comparing Marco Polo, Ibn Battuta, and Margery Kempe demonstrates why historians should evaluate historical sources according to this factor.
What is point of view/context?
A historian argues that 1200–1450 should be viewed as a period of increasing globalization. The strongest evidence from these notes would be the simultaneous expansion of trade, migration, technological diffusion, religious exchange, and this unintended consequence of connectivity.
What is the spread of epidemic disease?