Topic 1
2%, 20%
Explain the HIDECO Model
Individual level: SES, education, health, etc
Social Embedding: changes in family structure and social norms in last 50 years
Technology/Science: Modern technology and access to it
Zeitgeist: Social norms and expectations for older adults
In Broca's aphasia, where would we find anatomical damage?
Dominant inferior frontal lobe, Middle cerebral artery or internal carotid
Alexia is what
Impairment of the ability to read and is acquired
What are the 4 functions of the frontal lobe?
Metacognitive, Behavioral Emotional self-regulation, energization, executive function
Which neuro imaging method is sensitive to lipids and shows gray matter as dark
T1 weighted MRI
At what age do we see brain volume start to decrease? What age does it accelerate?
30, 70
A 58-year old man suffers a left inferior frontal gyrus stroke and now speaks in short, effortful phrases, frequently omits small grammatical words, yet understands spoken language fairly well. Which aphasia subtype best describes his pattern?
What is Broca's Aphasia :)
Phonological Alexia is what
Impairments in pseudoword reading
Difficulty remembering new information
Anterograde amnesia
This structure receives sensory information and relays it to the cortex
thalamus
Where does gray matter atrophy start?
frontal lobe
Saying "Gingerjet" instead of "gingerbread" is an example of?
Perseveration
Peripheral Vs. Central Alexia
Peripheral: Impairment occurs during earlier stages of visual or written-word processing...Often involves visual analysis, attention, or letter identification... Examples: Pure, neglect, attentional, and visual alexia
Central Alexia: Impairment occurs within later lexical, phonological, or semantic reading processes... Often involves accessing stored word forms, meaning, or grapheme to phoneme conversion. Examples: Surface, phonological, and deep alexia
These are the five components of executive function
planning, monitoring, activating, switching, inhibiting
The role of commissural fibers
Connecting hemisphere
What are the 4 subtypes of peripheral aphasia?
Pure, neglect, attentional and visual.
Define the three paraphasias
Semantic: words semantically related to the target
Phonemic: Phonemes substituted from the target
Mixed: Words sharing semantic and phonemic similarities to the target
Reading a nonword as a real word (lexicalization) is characteristic of
Phonological alexia
What is the level of consciousness for mild tbi, moderate tbi, and severe tbi
LOC mild: 0-30 min
LOC moderate: 30 min - 24 hours
LOC severe: > 7 days
What is propositional vs nonpropositional speech?
Propositional: spontaneous speech, requires a conscious mental wffort to assemble linguistic segments to express meaningful ideas, relies on semantic processing and intentional informational processes
Nonpropositional: automated and ready made w/o a constructed formulation, composed of invariant word sequences, places a greater load on phonological processing and memory, ~58% of daily life conversations
Aging and brain health
challenging min, exercise, smoke-free, Control blood pressure, manage diabetes, sleep well
Name the 8 aphasias and if they are fluent or non-fluent
Global: non-fluent
Mixed transcortical: non-fluent
Broca's non-fluent
Transcortical motor: non-fluent
Wernicke's: fluent
Transcortical sensory: fluent
Conduction: fluent
Anomic: fluent
A reader who does better with concrete words than abstract or function words likely has
Deep alexia
Define cognitive communication disorders
communication dysfunction resulting from underlying deficits in one or more cognitive functions such as attention, orientation, memory, informative processing, reasoning, executive function, or social cognition