Diencephalon
This homeostatic control center helps regulate temperature, feeding, and water balance.
What is the hypothalamus?
This cerebral lobe is essential for motor control, executive function, and personality.
What is the frontal lobe?
This sign is positive when a patient sways standing with feet together and eyes closed.
What is the Romberg sign?
Concentrated in the fovea, these photoreceptors support high-acuity color vision.
What are cones?
This inner ear otolith organ detects horizontal linear acceleration and head tilt.
What is the utricle?
A lesion in this specific nucleus produces contralateral hemiballismus.
What is the subthalamic nucleus?
Damage to this dominant inferior frontal gyrus area causes nonfluent, effortful speech.
What is the Broca area?
This specific cranial nerve system carries discriminative touch from the face.
What is the trigeminal system?
Compression of this structure, classically by a pituitary adenoma, causes a bitemporal hemianopia.
What is the optic chiasm?
Vestibular hair cells depolarize when their stereocilia bend toward this structure.
What is the kinocilium?
This region relays almost every major sensory system to the cortex, except olfaction.
What is the thalamus?
This major commissural white matter tract connects the left and right hemispheres.
What is the corpus callosum?
These rapidly adapting deep mechanoreceptors detect high-frequency vibration.
What are Pacinian corpuscles?
In darkness, photoreceptors are relatively depolarized and release this neurotransmitter.
What is glutamate?
These two cranial nerves carry physiologic visceral sensory input to the nucleus solitarius.
What are CN IX and CN X?
Masses in this epithalamic region can compress the dorsal midbrain and cause Parinaud syndrome.
What is the pineal region?
An infarct in this arterial territory classically produces contralateral leg weakness and abulia.
What is the anterior cerebral artery?
Lower limb discriminative touch ascends ipsilaterally in this specific spinal cord fasciculus.
What is the fasciculus gracilis?
A lesion to the Meyer loop produces this specific visual field defect.
What is a contralateral superior quadrantanopia?
Vertigo, dysphagia, and Horner syndrome can result from a PICA infarct, causing this syndrome.
What is lateral medullary syndrome?
This thalamic relay nucleus receives input from the inferior colliculus for auditory processing.
What is the medial geniculate nucleus?
Damage to the dominant inferior parietal region causes this syndrome, featuring agraphia and acalculia.
What is Gerstmann syndrome?
Second-order fibers of the posterior column-medial lemniscal system cross over in this brainstem region.
What is the caudal medulla?
Paradoxical pupil dilation during a swinging flashlight test indicates this eponymous afferent defect.
What is a Marcus Gunn pupil?
This phenomenon occurs when the brain misattributes visceral nociception to a somatic body wall region.
What is referred pain?