Anatomy
Which of the following is an age-related change in the nervous system?
a. Increased myelin
b. Loss of neurons in the brain
c. Increased cerebral blood flow
d. More efficient temperature regulation
b. Loss of neurons in the brain
A client is sitting in a chair and begins having a tonic-clonic seizure. The most appropriate nursing response is to:
a. Place an oral airway in the clients mouth to maintain an open airway
b. Carefully move the client to a flat surface and turn him on his side
c. Allow the client to remain in the chair but move all objects out of his way
d. Hold the client's arm still to keep him from hitting anything
b. Carefully move the client to a flat surface and turn him on his side
The nurse is performing a neurologic assessment and requests that the patient stand with eyes open and then closed for 20 seconds to assess balance. What type of test is the nurse performing?
a. Romberg test
b. Watch-tick test
c. Weber test
d. Rinne test
a. Romberg test
Which is a non modifiable risk factor for ischemic stroke?
a. Atrial fibrillation
b. Smoking
c. Gender
d. Hyperlipidemia
c. Gender
From what direction should a nurse approach a client who is blind in the right eye?
a. From directly in front of the client
b. From directly behind the client
c. From the right side of the client
d. From the left side of the client
d. From the left side of the client
Which cerebral lobe is the largest and controls abstract thought
a. Occipital
b. Temporal
c. Frontal
d. Parietal
c. Frontal
A client is receiving hypothermic treatment for uncontrolled fever related to increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Which assessment finding requires immediate intervention?
a. Shivering
b. Capillary refill of 2 seconds
c. Cool, Dry skin
d. Urine output of 100 mL/hr
a. Shivering
A patient is scheduled for an electroencephalogram (EEG) in the morning. What food on the patient’s tray should the nurse remove prior to the test?
a. Orange juice
b. Eggs
c. Coffee
d. Toast
c. Coffee
Which of the following is the chief cause of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)?
a. Diabetes
b. Hypercholesterolemia
c. Migraine Headaches
d. Uncontrolled hypertension
d. Uncontrolled hypertension
A client recently experienced a stroke with accompanying left-sided paralysis. His family voices concerns about how to best interact with him. They report the client doesn't seem aware of their presence when they approach him on his left side. What advice should the nurse give the family?
a. "This condition is temporary."
b. "The client is feeling an emotional loss. He'll eventually start acknowledging you on his left side."
c. "The client is unaware of his left side. You need to encourage him to interact from this side."
d. "The client is unaware of his left side. You should approach him on the right side."
d. "The client is unaware of his left side. You should approach him on the right side."
Which neurotransmitter demonstrates inhibitory action, helps control mood and sleep, and inhibits pain pathways?
a. Enkephalin
b. Norepinephrine
c. Acetylcholine
d. Serotonin
d. Serotonin
A 154-pound woman has been prescribed tPA (0.9 mg/kg) for an ischemic stroke. The nurse knows to give how many mg initially?
a. 8.3 mg
b. 10 mg
c. 6.3 mg
d. 7.5 mg
c. 6.3 mg
Which of the following is the initial diagnostic in suspected stroke?
a. Non-contrast computed tomography (CT)
b. Cerebral angiography
c. CT with contrast
d. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
a. Non-contrast computed tomography (CT)
Lesions in the temporal lobe may result in which type of agnosia?
a. Visual
b. Tactile
c. Auditory
d. Relationship
A client undergoes a craniotomy with supratentorial surgery to remove a brain tumor. On the first postoperative day, the nurse notes the absence of a bone flap at the operative site. How should the nurse position the client's head?
a. Flat
b. Turned onto the operative side
c. Elevated 30 degrees
d. Elevated no more than 10 degrees
Which is a sympathetic effect of the nervous system?
a. Decreased respiratory rate
b. Increased peristalsis
c. Dilated pupils
d. Decreased blood pressure
c. Dilated pupils
A client is scheduled for standard EEG testing to evaluate a possible seizure disorder. Which nursing intervention should the nurse perform before the procedure?
a. Withhold anticonvulsants for 24 to 48 hours before the exam
b. Sedate the client before the procedure, per orders
c. Instruct that a standard EEG take 2 hours
d. Maintain NPO status for 6 hours before the procedure
a. Withhold anticonvulsants for 24 to 48 hours before the exam
The nurse is performing a neurological assessment of a client who has sustained damage to the frontal cortex. Which of the following deficits will the nurse look for during assessment?
a. The inability to tell how a mouse and car are alike
b. Absence of movement below the waist
c. Intentional tremors
d. The inability to maintain a steady balance for the Romberg test
a. The inability to tell how a mouse and car are alike
A patient diagnosed with an ischemic stroke should be treated within the first 3 hours of symptom onset with which of the following:
a. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
b. Extended release dipyridamole
c. Atorvastin
d. Clopidogrel
a. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
The nurse is caring for a client immediately after supratentorial intracranial surgery. The nurse performs the appropriate action by placing the patient in the:
a. Trendelenburg position
b. Dorsal recumbent position
c. Prone position with the head turned to the unaffected side
d. Supine position with the head slightly elevated
d. Supine position with the head slightly elevated
The cerebral circulation receives approximately what percentage of the cardiac output?
a. 10%
b. 15%
c. 20%
d. 25%
b. 15%
A nurse is caring for a client who has returned to his room after a carotid endarterectomy. Which action should the nurse take first?
a. Take the client's blood pressure
b. Ask the client is he has a headache
c. Ask the client if he has trouble breathing
d. Place anti-embolism stocking on the client
c. Ask the client if he has trouble breathing
A patient has been diagnosed with damage to Broca's area of the left frontal lobe. To document the extent of damage, the nurse would assess the patient's?
a. Balance
b. Hearing
c. Speech
d. Vision
c. Speech
Which of the following is a disorder due to a lesion in the basal ganglia?
a. Myasthenia gravis
b. Multiple sclerosis
c. Parkinson's disease
d. Guillain-Barré
c. Parkinson's disease
A client preparing to undergo a lumbar puncture states he doesn't think he will be able to get comfortable with his knees drawn up to his abdomen and his chin touching his chest. He asks if he can lie of his left side. What statement is the best response by the nurse?
a. "There's no other option but to assume the knee-chest position."
b. "Lying on your left side will be fine during the procedure
c. "Although the required position may not be comfortable, it will make the procedure safer and easier to perform."
d. "I'll report your concerns to the physician."
c. "Although the required position may not be comfortable, it will make the procedure safer and easier to perform."