Tumors
A cerebellar tumor with an enhancing mural nodule in an adolescent with a KIA1549-BRAF fusion mutation
What is pilocytic astrocytoma?
This nucleus is the origin of parasympathetic fibers responsible for pupil constriction
What is the Edinger Westphal Nucleus?
Sensorineural deafness, microcephaly, and periventricular calcifications are features of this congenital infection
What is CMV?
Sudden, exagerrated startle responses associated with glycine receptor mutations (GLRA1)
What is hyperekplexia?
Structure most commonly affected by carbon monoxide poisoning
What is the globus pallidus?
_____ of _____ gene is associated with better treatment response to temozolomide in patients with GBM.
Methylation of the MGMT gene.
The extraocular muscle that depresses and intorts the eye
What is the superior oblique?
This antibiotic must be added to newborns and those over 50 in order to cover for listeria
What is ampicillin?
The classic triad is nystagmus, head bobbing, and torticollis
What is spasmus nutans?
Presents with garlic breath, paresthesias similar to diabetic neuropathy, and nail deposits. Inhibits pyruvate decarboxylase and acetylcholinesterase
What is arsenic?
This partially calcified, heterogenous mass most commonly in frontal/temporal lobes is associated with a 1p/19q co-deletion
What is oligodendroglioma?
Absent up gaze, convergence retraction nystagmus, and light near dissociation make up this syndrome due to lesions located here
What are lesions compressing the tectal plate? (Parinaud)
This sign can be seen on ophthalmologic evaluation of someone with bartonella infection
What is macular star?
Head turning and posturing responsive to PPI and H2 blockers
What is Sandifer syndrome?
Chronic alcohol use can damage the corpus callosium and result in stupor, coma, and seizures, also coined this eponymous term.
What is Marchiafava Bignami disease?
Most often in temporal lobes, does not enhance, will have “soap bubble” appearance on imaging, and pathology will reveal myxoid areas with floating neurons
What is DNET? Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor
This mitochondrial disease is associated with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia and cardiac dysfunction
What is Kearns-Sayre syndrome?
This sign is pathognomonic of Whipple’s disease
What is oculomasticatory myorhythmia?
Presents with recurrent episodes of paralysis, lasting several minutes to days, involving one limb, multiple limbs, or even both sides of the body. Associated with ATP1A3 mutation
What is alternating hemiplegia of childhood?
A “jam band” guy who presents with something that mimics B12 deficiency may have been inhaling this for a short high
What is nitrous oxide?
Two tumors that form Homer Wright Rosettes
What are medulloblastoma and pineoblastoma?
This structure coordinates voluntary vertical saccades when signaled by the frontal eye fields and superior colliculus
What is the rostral interstitial MLF (riMLF)?
These are nonspecific intranuclear eosinophillic inclusions seen in viral infections
What are cowdry bodies?
A 6 month old with high-frequency tremor which starts in the head and then continues down to the shoulders. Episodes lasted only 1-2 seconds.
What are shuddering attacks?
High/exclusive intake (due to food scarcity) causes konzo, a permanent upper motor neuron spastic paraparesis secondary to cyanide accumulation.
What is cassava?