Frames of Reference
Movement Mechanics
Wound & Strength
ROM & MMT
UE Anatomy & Assessment
LE, Posture, & Gait
Motor Control & Learning
100
The biomechanical approach primarily focuses on restoring or establishing which client-level factors?
A. Cognition, memory, and executive function
B. ROM, strength, endurance, and structural stability
C. Sensory processing and emotional regulation
D. Social participation and group interaction
Answer: B. ROM, strength, endurance, and structural stability
100
A client raises the arm out to the side away from the body. This movement occurs mainly in which plane?
Answer: C. Frontal
100
During the earliest stage after an injury, the therapist’s priority is usually to control swelling, protect the area, and reduce pain. Which healing phase does this describe?
A. Remodeling
B. Inflammatory
C. Maturation
D. Return-to-sport
Answer: B. Inflammatory
100
A client moves a limb through the full available range while positioned against gravity, but when the therapist gives resistance, the patient can not take any. What MMT grade does this represent?
3/5
100
A client is asked to lift the arm sideways to shoulder height. Which muscle/muscle group is most responsible for producing most of that motion after initiation?
Answer: Deltoid
100
A client is moving the top of the foot toward the shin. What ankle motion is occurring?
Answer: Dorsiflexion
100
Fill in the blanks:
Motor control is primarily defined as the ability of the CNS to coordinate ____ input and ____ output to produce _______.
sensory
motor
movement
200
Fill in the blank:
The rehabilitation approach focuses on improving occupational performance by using compensation, adaptation, and modification of the task or __________.
Answer: Environment
200
In a typical biceps curl, the elbow joint acts as the axis, the biceps applies force between the joint and the weight, and the weight is in the hand. What lever class is this?
Answer: Third
200
Fill in the blank:
What is the best way to measuring edema for validity and accuracy?
Answer: Volumetric
200
A client completes full motion against gravity and holds the position against maximum resistance from therapist. What grade should the therapist assign?
5/5
200
Fill in the blank:
The __________ muscle is most important for initiating shoulder abduction and is commonly affected in rotator cuff tears.
Answer: Supraspinatus
200
A client has difficulty standing up from sitting at the edge of bed. Which muscle is most involved?
A. Iliopsoas
B. Quadriceps femoris
C. Gluteus maximus
D. Sartorius
Answer: C. Gluteus maximus (hip extension)
200
What part of the CNS helps compare intended movement with actual movement and adjusts timing, force, and accuracy.
Answer: Cerebellum
300
A client with a progressive condition is unlikely to regain full physical ability. The OT teaches new ways to complete dressing and recommends adaptive equipment. Which approach is most appropriate?
A. Biomechanical approach
B. Developmental approach
C. Rehabilitation approach
D. Sensory integration approach
Answer: C. Rehabilitation approach
300
A person cannot reach high enough with the shoulder, so they arch their back to get the hand higher. What is this best described as?
A. Normal accessory movement
B. Compensatory movement
C. Reflexive movement
D. Passive insufficiency
Answer: B. Compensatory motion
300
A therapist increases resistance gradually because the client’s muscles will only adapt when challenged beyond their usual demand. Which strengthening principle is this?
A. Overload
B. Reversibility
C. Specificity only
D. Restitution
Answer: A. Overload
300
What can happen if you do not measure supination and pronation with the patient sitting, elbow flexed at 90 degrees, and humerus adducted to the body?
Over compensation
Use of Internal/External Rotation at the shoulder.
300
The thumb CMC joint is formed by the base of the first metacarpal and which carpal bone?
Answer: Trapezium
300
A client’s pelvis drops on the opposite side during single-leg stance while walking due to weakness in the Gluteus medius. Which abnormal gate does this describe?
Trendelenburg
300
A receptor inside skeletal muscle detects changes in muscle length. Which receptor is this?
A. Muscle spindle
B. Pacinian corpuscle
C. Golgi ligament receptor
D. Merkel disc
Answer: A. Muscle spindle
400
A client cannot complete a work task because limited endurance and decreased shoulder ROM interfere with the movement demands of the job. Which explanation best matches a biomechanical view of the problem?
A. The environment is too distracting.
B. The client lacks the physical capacity needed for the task.
C. The task has no personal meaning.
D. The client needs social support before therapy can begin.
Answer: B. The client lacks the physical capacity needed for the task.
400
A client is lowering a heavy object slowly instead of letting it drop. The muscle controlling the movement is lengthening under tension. What type of contraction is this?
Answer: Eccentric
400
Which observation would make the OT most concerned that a client is becoming fatigued during an exercise or activity?
A. The movement becomes faster and smoother
B. The client begins shaking and cannot complete the planned repetitions
C. The client reports feeling more coordinated
D. The client’s breathing slows despite harder work
Answer: B. The client begins shaking and cannot complete the planned repetitions
400
Fill in the blanks:
When measuring joint range of motion with a goniometer, the __________ is placed over the joint’s center of rotation. The __________ __________ is aligned with the stable body segment, and the __________ __________ is aligned with the moving body segment.
When measuring joint range of motion with a goniometer, the axis is placed over the joint’s center of rotation. The stationary arm is aligned with the stable body segment, and the movable arm is aligned with the moving body segment.
400
A client with median nerve involvement has difficulty bringing the thumb across the palm toward the fingers. Which muscle is primarily responsible for this motion?
A. Abductor pollicis longus
B. Extensor pollicis longus
C. Flexor pollicis longus
D. Opponens pollicis
Answer: D. Opponens pollicis
400
A client with foot drop hikes the leg up during swing so the toes clear the floor. Which compensation is being used?
A. Excessive hip and knee flexion
B. Knee hyperextension only
C. Hip adduction
D. Decreased trunk rotation
Answer: A. Excessive hip and knee flexion
400
A movement is planned before it occurs and is completed too quickly for feedback to correct it during the action. Which control system is this?
A. Closed-loop
B. Open-loop
C. Reflex-only
D. Somatosensory-only
Answer: B. Open-loop
500
An OT wants a client to practice a laundry task using progressively heavier baskets and longer standing time. What biomechanical treatment idea is being used?
A. Grading the physical demands of activity
B. Avoiding all resistance
C. Replacing the task with caregiver assistance
D. Practicing only cognitive strategies
Answer: A. Grading the physical demands of activity
500
Fill in the blank:
When a muscle shortens while producing movement against resistance, the contraction is called __________.
Answer: Concentric
500
During the remodeling phase of wound healing, OT intervention should focus on:
A. Complete immobilization and passive rest
B. Preventing all scar formation
C. Controlled tension, scar remodeling, strengthening, neuromuscular control, and return to function
D. Avoiding functional activity until healing is fully complete
Answer: C. Controlled tension, scar remodeling, strengthening, neuromuscular control, and return to function
500
What is the first step in any strength/motion assessment?
Gathering client information: occupational profile, client's priorities/goals.
500
Which grasp pattern would most likely be used to hold a hammer firmly?
Power Grip
500
A therapist teaches a client with balance problems to stand with the feet farther apart. What is the main effect of this strategy?
A. It narrows the base of support
B. It increases stability
C. It raises the center of gravity
D. It decreases postural control
Answer: B. It increases stability
500
A therapist changes the task, environment, and body position to help a client discover a more efficient movement pattern. This idea best fits which motor control perspective?
A. Dynamical systems theory
B. Strict reflex theory
C. Pure maturation theory
D. Muscle isolation theory
Answer: A. Dynamical systems theory