Dates
When did Mexico win it's independence from Spain?
1821
This legal agreement in Congress delayed (and set the stage for) the U.S. Civil War by allowing California to join the Union as a free state and allowing the creation of Utah and New Mexico Territories with the understanding that the people of those territories would decide for themselves on the question of slavery when the territories became states.
The Compromise of 1850
Who did General Kearny appoint to be the first territorial governor of New Mexico?
Charles Bent
While Pueblo Indians and Hispanic villagers eventually came to welcome the arrival of the U.S., which promised to to do what the Mexican government had been unable to do - protect them from the raiding tribes, the non-Pueblo tribes felt differently. Why?
1)they had never accepted Spanish or Mexican rule so they were not about to accept American rule 2)they felt threatened that American settlers would take more of their land and resources
Name the three trails that connected Santa Fe with the United States, Mexico City, and Los Angeles.
The Santa Fe Trail, The Old Spanish Trail, and The El Camino Real
When did the "Fur Era" end?
Late 1830's
Name at least three reasons the Confederacy wanted to take over the entire Southwest.
1) to control the vast gold and silver fields of California and Colorado; 2) to control trade along the Santa Fe Trail; 3) to gain access to California ports on the Pacific Ocean; 4) to take control of Union forts along the Rio Grande; 5) to maintain their slave-based agricultural economy
This Navajo chief boldly resisted the efforts of the U.S. army to move his people to reservations.
Manuelito
When General Stephen Kearny arrived in New Mexico and promised to protect the people from their enemies, he was referring to these groups as the enemy.
The Navajo and Apache raiders
American William Becknell opened this trail which connected Missouri to New Mexico.
The Santa Fe Trail
When was the Chimayo Rebellion?
1837
Name the three Civil War battles that took place in NM.
The Battle of Glorieta Pass, The Battle of Peralta, and The Battle of Valverde.
This saddlemaker, trapper, trail guide and U.S. soldier helped map the Oregon Trail, helped Stephen Kearny during the Mexican-American War, helped defend New Mexico Territory from Confederate invaders, served as an Indian agent, and was given the task of rounding up the Mescalero Apaches and Navajos and moving them to Bosque Redondo.
Col. Christopher "Kit" Carson
One of the policies created by the U.S. government during the Civil War which affected the Native People of New Mexico called for keeping them in a confined space known by this term.
reservation
This commodity, known as a hairy banknote, brought many Americans into New Mexico in the early 1800s.
Beaver Skins
When did Texas become a state?
1845
The belief that the needs of one's own region outweigh the needs of the nation as a whole.
Sectionalism
African American members of the U.S. Army recruited to help fight in the Civil War and later the Indian Wars were known by this name.
Buffalo Soldiers
In 1863 and 1864, the Navajo people were rounded up from their homeland in the Four Corners area and forced to walk to Fort Sumner in southeastern New Mexico to a reservation created there called Bosque Redondo. This event came to be known by this name.
The Navajo Long Walk
Name at least one New Mexican Hispanic trader who profited from the opening of the Santa Fe Trail.
Jose Leandro Perea, who became one of the richest men in the Southwest
In what year did General Stephen Kearny lead the Army of the West into NM and claimed it for the U.S.?
1846
President Lincoln rewarded the Pueblo Indians for helping the Union to win the Civil War by awarding these items to the governors of New Mexico's Pueblos.
This Apache warrior escaped from the unbearable conditions of the San Carlos reservation and evaded capture by the U.S. government until 1886. He lived the rest of his life in U.S. custody as a prisoner of war in Florida, Alabama, and Oklahoma, and was never allowed to return to his homeland.
Geronimo
The other Indian Policy, which called for the native people to abandon their own culture and languages and adopt white culture, aimed to achieve this (name it). Boarding schools were created to make this happen.
assimilation
When Mexico became independent from Spain, the status of international trade immediately changed in this way.
Illegal to legal. EXPLANATION: The newly formed Mexican government needed money. Trade provided a source of revenue for individual enterprising traders, and for the government which could collect taxes.