Novare Physical Science Chapter 11

Chemical Equations

100

In a chemical reaction, these are to the right of the arrow

Reactants

200

In a chemical reaction, these are to the left of the arrow

Products

300

This indicates the proportions of reactants and products in a chemical reaction

Coefficients

400

A solution in which water is the solvent

Aqueous solution

500

In the following equation, this describes what form the products of this reaction are in (example: aq=aqueous)

CuSO₄(aq)+2NaHCO₃(aq) -->

                    Na₂SO₄(aq)+CuCO₃(s)+CO₂(g)+H₂O(l)

Na₂SO₄ = aqueous solution

CuCO₃ = solid

CO₂ = gas

H₂O = liquid

I'm Charged

100

A group of nonmetal atoms joined together in a molecule with a net charge

Polyatomic ions

200

The name for OH^-

Hydroxide

300

The name for PO₄^-3

Phosphate

400

This is what Dalton always says

Atoms combine in whole number ratios

500

Rather than being electrically neutral, an atom prefers to have this state, often creating an ion that can then form bonds with other ions to achieve electric neutrality

Completely filled orbitals

Acids and Bases

100

Acids donate these in an aqueous solution

Hydrogen ions

200

A base donates these in an aqueous solution

Hydroxide ions

300

Scale that measures the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution

pH

400

The pH of pure water, neither an acid nor a base

7

500

Acids are often composed of hydrogen ions joined to a polyatomic ion.  They are also often composed of hydrogen ions combining with elements in this group

Group 17

Bonds

100

This is the type of bond that exists between metals and non-metals

Ionic

200

This is the type of bond that typically exists between non-metals

Covalent

300

This is formed when a metal binds to certain polyatomic ions or a halogen (group 17)

Salt

400

This type of bond donates electrons

Ionic

500

This type of bond shares electrons

Covalent

It May Result in a Dark Brown Solid

100

Reaction between a fuel and oxygen

Combustion 

200

Type of reaction in which electrons are lost

Oxidation

300

Type of reaction in which electrons are gained

Reduction

400

Type of reaction that results in a compound coming out of solution

Precipitation reaction

500

These are the results of an acid-base reaction

Neutralization of the acid and base, production of water, and production of a salt