You gotta have heart
An innocent murmur is characterized by
nnormal cardiac anatomy and cardiac function
–Occur in up to 50% of all children at some time
The most common cause of CHF in children is related to
pulmonary overcirculation
In addition to cyanosis, signs of prolonged hypoxemia will include
clubbing
polycythemia/hyperviscosity
In an infant with a patent ductus arteriosus, the purpose of indomethacin (indocin) is
To close the PDA
Nursing care following cardiac cath will include (name 4)
–Cardiac and pulse oximetry monitoring
–Monitor pulses, temperature, color of extremity
–Vital signs q15 minutes
–Dressing for bleeding/hematoma
–I&O
- Monitor for Hypoglycemia
Congenital defects responsible for heart failure include (name 3)
PDA
ASD
VSD
Aortic Stenosis/Atresia
Coarctation of the Aorta
A hypertrophic right ventricle occurs in pulmonary stenosis because
the right ventricle is working harder than it would in a typical child to push blood to the lungs
Prostaglandins are used to
keep the ductus arteriosus open
Name 4 indicators of cardiac dysfunction in children
poor feeding tachypnea/tachycardia
failure to thrive developmental delays
activity intolerance prenatal history
developmental delays family history of cardiac disease
Perinatal hypoxia/ischemia can cause CHF due to what mechanism
poor myocardial contractility
The defects in tetralogy of Fallot are
malaligned VSD
overriding aorta
pulmonary stenosis
Hypertrophic right ventricle
What 2 medications are used to treat Kawasaki disease
IVIg
Aspirin
Causes of acquired cardiac disease in children include (name 3)
Infection
Autoimmune response
Environmental factors
Familial tendencies
CHF due to pulmonary overcirculation will show the following systemic signs (name 4)
pallor
decreased pulses
sluggish CFT
decreased urine output
failure to thrive
poor feeding
fatigue
The steps in managing a tet (hypercyanotic) spell include (in order)
1. knee chest position
2. oxygen
3. morphine
4. nitric oxide
Signs of dig toxicity include
Slow heartbeat, skipped beats, or a fast, pounding rhythm.
Loss of appetite, poor feeding, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.
Behavior changes: Unusual tiredness, lethargy, weakness, or irritability.
Dizziness, fainting, or trouble breathing
Starling's Law states
The greater the stretch on the myocardium, the greater the contractility, within physiological limits
Methods to manage CHF in a child will include
Reduction of preload/afterload
Diuretic Therapy
Decrease cardiac demands
Decrease oxygen consumption
The 2 most common signs of worsening cardiac function in a child with CHD would include
Weight loss
increased feeding difficulty
In aortic stenosis, the purpose of an ACE inhibitor is
Afterload reduction to improve bloodflow to the systemic circuit