Carbs
The 2 types of Sugars
Simple Sugars and Complex Sugars
The 4 types of fat
Triglycerides, phospholipids, trans fats, and sterols
There are this many Amino Acids
20
Dietary carbohydrates, fat, and protein are broken down into what particles?
Monosaccharides/glucose, triglycerides, and amino acids
These macronutrients are able to be absorbed directly into the blood stream
Carbs and Protein
The 3 monosaccharides and 3 disaccharides
glucose, galactose, fructose
lactose, maltose, sucrose
The essential fatty acids?
Omega 3 - Alpha-linolenic Acid
Omega 6 - Linolenic Acid
This is the bond between amino acids
Peptide Bond
Where do pancreatic enzymes synthesize, travel to, and break down which macronutrient?
Created in pancreas, sent to small intestine, breaks down proteins
This macronutrient has to travel through the lymphatic system before entering the bloodstream
Lipids/Fats
The complex sugars?
Dairy products are an example of which triglyceride?
Saturated Fat
This component of the amino acid differs for each type of amino acid and gives direction on what it's function will be
The R Group
Where is bile created, sent to, and breaks down which macronutrient?
These macronutrients are first delivered to the liver after entering the bloodstream
Carbs, Lipids, and Proteins
The stored form of glucose in plants and the stored form of glucose in animals
Plants - starch
Animals - Glycogen
Which triglycerides are a liquid at room temperature?
Monounsaturated and Polyunsaturated
Protein can be converted into which macronutrient(s) by cleaving and excreting a nitrogen molecule
Carbohydrates or Fat/Lipid
The importance of Micelles
Micelles are used for lipid digestion where they "shuttle" broken triglyceride components to the edge of the small intestine where microvilli are located.
This lipoprotein is made in the liver and transports cholesterol to the bloodstream
LDL
Soluble vs Insoluble fibers
Soluble turns into gel in the stomach, slows absorption of glucose into the blood stream and keeps body full for longer
Insoluble works best in large intestine by increasing fecal bulk and decreasing constipation
These lipoproteins are synthesized in the liver
HDL, VLDL, and LDL
Complete proteins contain all the 9 essential Amino acids
Incomplete does not contain all 9 essential amino acids
Complementary proteins are plant based proteins that when combined with other complementary protein sources the meal contains all 9 essential amino acids
Chemicals that denature proteins in the stomach?
HCL and Pepsin
HDL, VLDL, and LDL.