Neurons basic
This part of a neuron primarily receives incoming information.
What are dendrites?
These two structures make up the CNS.
What are the brain and spinal cord?
At rest, the inside of a neuron has this charge relative to the outside.
What is negative?
Communication between neurons occurs at these structures.
What are synapses?
Gray matter primarily contains these two neuronal structures.
What are cell bodies and dendrites?
These are the three major functional categories of neurons
What are afferent neurons, efferent neurons, and interneurons?
Collections of neuronal cell bodies in the CNS are called this.
What are nuclei?
The electrical potential of a neuron when it is not firing is called this.
What is the resting potential?
Neurons communicate using these two broad types of signals.
What are electrical and chemical signals?
The sympathetic nervous system is associated with this response.
What is fight or flight?
An afferent neuron carries information in this direction.
What is toward the brain/CNS?
Collections of neuronal cell bodies in the PNS are called this.
What are ganglia?
These two types of postsynaptic potentials sum together to determine whether a neuron reaches threshold.
What are EPSPs and IPSPs?
This chemical is released to transfer information between neurons.
What is a neurotransmitter?
The parasympathetic nervous system is associated with this state.
What is rest and digest?
These gaps interrupt the myelin covering of an axon.
What are the nodes of Ranvier?
This PNS division controls voluntary muscles.
What is the somatic nervous system?
For an action potential to occur, summed electrical potentials must push the membrane potential above this point.
What is threshold?
Neurotransmitters can produce these two opposite general effects on the receiving neuron.
What are excitation and inhibition?
Unlike many conventional neurotransmitters, these lipid-derived neurotransmitters can travel backward, from the postsynaptic cell toward the presynaptic cell.
What are endocannabinoids / retrograde neurotransmitters?
A neuron can have many dendrites but normally only one of this structure, which carries information away from the soma.
What is the axon?
Name the three divisions listed under the autonomic nervous system.
What are the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric divisions?
Put these events in the correct order:
2 → 4 → 3 → 1
Explain the difference between an EPSP and an IPSP.
An EPSP pushes the receiving neuron toward firing an action potential, while an IPSP inhibits firing/moves the neuron away from reaching threshold.
A neurotransmitter opens a receptor that allows Cl⁻ to enter the postsynaptic neuron.
Predict: