Signs & Symptoms
A patient who has burning with urination, fever, flank pain, urinary frequency and urgency, and costovertebral tenderness may likely have what condition?
Pyelonephritis
check the tubing, change position (of the pt and/or the dialysate), break the clot (by milking the tubing)
How should a patient be positioned after a thyroidectomy?
semi-Fowler's position
What lab is used for maintenance of thyroid replacement therapy?
What is the medical term for difficult or painful urination?
dysuria
What condition has the signs and symptoms of nervousness, irritability, thinning hair, tremor, muscle weakness, heat intolerance, weight loss, insomnia, and frequent stools
Hyperthyroidism
What are 3 methods of promoting healthy kidney function.
drink 2L of water daily
no smoking
maintain healthy weight
control DM and HTN
What are the dietary considerations for hypothyroidism?
low calorie, high fiber, increased fluids
When taking gentamycin, what lab level should be monitored?
creatinine
Hypoparathyroidism may lead to what electrolyte imbalances?
Calcium-low
Phosphate-high
A patient with increased thirst, sunken eyes, fluid volume deficit, and decreased blood pressure likely have what?
Diabetes Insipidus
In what stage of acute kidney injury (AKI) are fluid and electrolyte imbalances most likely?
oliguric, because the pt is not urinating much
3 stages: oliguric, diuretic, recovery
What teaching should be provided to a pt with Addison's Disease?
Avoid alcohol and caffeine
Monitor for signs of gastric bleeding
Monitor for hypoglycemia
Increase steroids as directed during times of stress
What is the most important lab to monitor for a pt in end-stage renal disease and why?
potassium because it can be elevated and lead to lethal dysrrhythmias
What are the characteristics of a breast mass that indicate it could be breast cancer?
hard, irregularly shaped, non-mobile, non-tender
likely in upper, outer quadrant
What condition has the signs and symptoms of HA, weakness, anorexia, weight gain, N/V/D, personality changes, etc.?
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
What is 1 risk factor for each of the types of acute kidney injury (prenenal, intrarenal, postrenal)?
sepsis, liver failure, NSAID use
trauma, nephrotoxins, transfusion reactions, alcohol or cocaine, infection
tumor, prostate issue, spinal cord disease or injury
What are 3 things to include when teaching a patient with SIADH?
avoid prolonged sun exposure
notify if develops diarrhea
monitor for symptoms of yeast infection
avoid taking democlocycline at the same time as CA2+, FE and Mg supplements, milk products
What lab value determines the stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and what is the range from stage 1-5?
15-90mL/min
What medication is used to treat Diabetes Insipidus?
Vasopressin or desmopressin
They are ADH replacement agents that increase water absorption from kidneys and decreased urine output
Back and joint pain, decreased libido, fatigue, sleep disturbances, weakness, and depression or irritability are expected findings in what condition?
Cushing's Disease/Syndrome
What are 3 types of medications that are considered nephrotoxic?
antimicrobial meds
NSAIDs
ACE inhibitors,
ARBs
contrast dye
What education should a nurse provide a pt s/p radioactive iodine therapy for hyperthyroidism?
Avoid pregnant women for 1 week
effects may take 6-8 weeks to show
don't share toilets for 2 weeks, flush 3x
wash clothes separately
avoid contamination from saliva
What are the expected lab findings for a pt with Addison's Disease?
glucose-normal to decreased
BUN and creatinine-increased
electrolytes: K+ inc, NA+ dec, Ca+ inc
What complication can occur after a thyroidectomy that would require emergency equipment to be available?
tetany and hypocalcemia
s/s muscle twitching, numbness, tingling of mouth or toes
treat with IV calcium