Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
lab value 3.5-5.0
What is potassium?
It is the normal pH range critical for optimal body function.
7.35- 7.45
The most common reasons for using infusion therapy
Maintain fluid balance or correct fluid imbalance, administer medications, replace blood and blood products
Protection from illness or disease that is maintained by the body's physiologic defense mechanisms.
What is Immunity?
Warmth, redness, swelling, pain, decreased function
What are the Five Cardinal symptoms of inflammation?
This is the movement of water only through a semipermeable membrane
What is Osmosis?
This is represented by pH values of less than 7.35
What is acidosis?
Parenteral fluids within normal range 270-300 mOsm/L
Isotonic
The response that occurs to help provide immediate protection against the effects of tissue injury and invading foreign proteins.
What is inflammation?
Stage I (vascular) Stage II (cellular exudate, pus)
Stage III (tissue repair and replacement)
What is the sequence of inflammation?
In high levels palpitations, skipped heartbeats, cardiac irregularities, muscle twitching could happen.
What is Hyperkalemia?
It is the most common base in human body fluid.
What is Bicarbonate (HCO3-)?
Parenteral fluids less than 270 mOsm/L.
Hypotonic
Occurs when the body is exposed to a disease organism through infection and the immune system produces antibodies to that disease.
What is Active Immunity?
pH of 7.5
What is Alkalosis?
This happens when fluid intake or retention is less than what is needed to meet the body's fluid needs.
What is Dehydration?
When this happens more CO2 is exhaled ("blown off") from the lungs.
What is hyperventilation?
It is the delivery of medications in solutions and fluids by parenteral route.
What is Infusion Therapy?
Develops when people are given antibodies to a disease instead of producing them within their own immune system.
What is Passive Immunity?
Adequate arterial blood flow through the peripheral tissues.
What is peripheral perfusion?
High levels can lead to kidney stones.
What is Hypercalcemia?
Respiratory compensation through the lungs corrects for this type of problem.
What is metabolic problems?
Platelets, Fresh frozen plasma, albumin, and several specific clotting factors
What are blood components?
Cell Types involve in inflammation. Hint: "Nobody Likes My Educational Background"
Neutrophil, Leukocytes, Macrophages, Eosinophils, Basophils
Chemical messengers that tell specific cells how an when to respond.
What are Cytokines?