Upper Respiratory
The trachea bifurcates into the right and left main-stem bronchi at this point.
What is the carina?
These are the only structures of the lower respiratory tract not located within the lungs.
What are the mainstem bronchi?
Responsive to chemical and mechanical signals, this "respiratory control center" is located in the brainstem.
What is the medulla?
Nasal septoplasty is a common treatment for this condition.
What is deviated septum?
This test involves collection of sputum specimen for C&S or to confirm a diagnosis.
What is a sputum study?
When meningeal tears complicate a nasal fracture, this may occur.
What is CSF leakage?
Lipoprotein that reduces the amount of pressure needed to inflate the alveoli.
What is surfactant?
Significantly impacted by airway diameter, this reflects any obstacle to airflow during inspiration/expiration.
What is resistance?
PET scans are used to determine whether this complication of cancer has occurred.
What is metastasis (or spread beyond initial site)?
Primary concerns of the upper airway system can be classified as issues of oxygen availability and this.
What is ventilation?
Sometimes caused by HTN, URI, or chemical irritants, nosebleeds are referred to as this medical term.
What is epistaxis?
Problems of the lower respiratory tract typically involve this, the biological process through which gases are transferred across cell membranes to enter/leave the blood.
What is gas exchange?
Air turbulence is critical in this type of respiratory defense which occurs above the larynx.
What is filtration?
What is tobacco use?
What is bronchial circulation?
Patients who report feelings of a lump in the throat or sore throat may be experiencing early signs of this type of cancer.
What is pharyngeal?
Classified as primary, latent, or reactivated, this infection is airborne spread, but is not highly contagious. Prolonged, close exposure is required.
What is TB?
At the alveolar level, these abundant innate immune cells provide a line of respiratory defense.
What are alveolar macrophages?
2 of the 4 classic manifestations of bacterial pharyngitis.
What are fever greater than 100.4, anterior cervical lymph node enlargement, tonsillar/pharyngeal exudate, and absence of cough?
(any 2 may be selected)
Changes in relative intrathoracic pressure allow this movement of air in and out of the lungs.
What is ventilation?
The most critical concern with peritonsillar abscess is that it will do this, creating a life-threatening emergency.
What is occlude airway patency?
Loss of elastic recoil and airflow obstruction lead to airflow limitations and decreased gas exchange in this chronic disease.
What is COPD?
Procedure to visualize bronchi; may be diagnostic or used for treatment.
What is bronchoscopy?
Classified as acute, subacute, or chronic, this condition occurs when inflammation of the mucosa blocks sinus openings.
What is sinusitis?
These are the membranes lining the lungs and chest cavity, respectively.
What are the visceral and parietal pleurae?