NMJ Physiology
This neurotransmitter is released from synaptic vesicles at the neuromuscular junction.
What is acetylcholine?
This is the only depolarizing neuromuscular blocker commonly used today.
What is succinylcholine?
This phase of succinylcholine block usually shows decreased twitches with little or no fade.
What is Phase I block?
Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers act as competitive antagonists at this receptor.
What is the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor?
Neostigmine reverses nondepolarizing blockade by inhibiting this enzyme.
What is acetylcholinesterase?
These ions enter the presynaptic nerve terminal and trigger acetylcholine vesicle docking and release.
What are calcium ions?
Succinylcholine is structurally similar to two molecules of this neurotransmitter linked together.
What is acetylcholine?
This train-of-four pattern is more typical of nondepolarizing blockade.
What is fade?
These blockers prevent acetylcholine from binding, producing this type of paralysis.
What is flaccid paralysis?
Sugammadex binds these drugs best, in this order.
What are rocuronium > vecuronium > pancuronium?
The postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor requires this many acetylcholine molecules to open.
What are two?
These visible muscle twitches may occur before succinylcholine-induced paralysis.
What are fasciculations?
In Phase I block, neostigmine may worsen paralysis because it increases acetylcholine and slows this process.
What is succinylcholine metabolism?
Nondepolarizers impair acetylcholine mobilization at the presynaptic nerve terminal, explaining this TOF finding.
What is fade?
This reversal agent selectively binds aminosteroid neuromuscular blockers.
What is sugammadex?
Acetylcholine binds specifically to these subunits on the nicotinic receptor.
What are the alpha subunits?
Succinylcholine is metabolized in plasma by this enzyme.
What is pseudocholinesterase or butyrylcholinesterase?
This phase is associated with desensitization-like block and TOF fade.
What is Phase II block?
For nondepolarizing blockers, this relationship exists between potency and speed of onset.
What is an inverse relationship?
Sugammadex does not reverse succinylcholine or drugs in this class.
What are benzylisoquinoliniums?
This ion is repelled by the nicotinic receptor channel because of negative charges in the channel.
What is chloride?
A high dose or continuous exposure to succinylcholine can cause this type of block.
What is a Phase II block?
The best treatment for a normal Phase I succinylcholine block is ventilation and this.
What is time?
Pancuronium, vecuronium, and rocuronium belong to this structural class of neuromuscular blockers.
What are aminosteroids?
These symptoms summarize muscarinic effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.
What are diarrhea, urination, miosis, bradycardia, bronchoconstriction, emesis, lacrimation, laxation, and salivation.